Kursus tentang kata penghubung - Persiapan TOEIC®
Written by William D'Andréa
Kata penghubung, juga disebut « linking words » atau « connectors », digunakan untuk menghubungkan ide dan membuat sebuah teks atau pidato menjadi lebih lancar. Dalam kursus ini, kita akan mengulas tipe-tipe utama kata penghubung, dibagi berdasarkan kategori.
1. Kata penghubung untuk menambah atau membuat daftar ide
Kata-kata ini memungkinkan Anda memperkenalkan informasi baru, melengkapi ide, atau menyusun poin-poin dalam urutan logis (kronologis atau berdasarkan kepentingan).
| Kata | Terjemahan | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| and | dan | I like watching movies and reading books. |
| also | juga | She works as a teacher; she also does volunteer work on weekends. |
| as well | juga / selain itu | He's a talented singer as well as a skilled guitarist. |
| in addition | selain itu / tambahan lagi | She speaks Spanish. In addition, she understands French. |
| moreover | selain itu / lebih lagi | He was late. Moreover, he didn’t bring his notes. |
| furthermore | tambahan lagi / selain itu | We have no time. Furthermore, we lack the necessary equipment. |
| besides | selain itu / lagipula | I don’t like horror films. Besides, they scare me. |
| first / firstly | pertama / pertama-tama | First, let me introduce the main topic of the meeting. |
| second / secondly | kedua | Second, we will examine the results of the survey. |
| third / thirdly | ketiga | Third, we’ll compare these results to last year’s data. |
| next | selanjutnya | Next, we need to analyze the data in more detail. |
| then | lalu / kemudian | Then, we’ll move on to the final discussion. |
| finally | akhirnya | Finally, we’ll summarize our conclusions. |
| lastly | terakhir | Lastly, we should thank everyone for their contributions. |
| last but not least | terakhir tapi tidak kalah penting | Last but not least, let’s address the financial aspect. |
Nuansa / Pengecualian
- « And » adalah kata penghubung yang paling dasar. Ia menghubungkan dua elemen atau ide.
- « Beside(s) » bisa berarti « di samping » sebagai preposisi (mis. "The phone is beside the lamp.") tetapi sebagai connector, « besides » berarti « selain itu / lagipula ».
- Bentuk first/firstly, second/secondly, dll. bisa dipertukarkan, tetapi bentuk dengan « -ly » terkadang dianggap lebih formal.
2. Kata penghubung untuk menyatakan sebab dan akibat
Kata-kata ini menunjukkan mengapa sesuatu terjadi (sebab) dan apa hasilnya (akibat).
Menyatakan sebab
| Kata | Terjemahan | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| because | karena | I stayed home because it was raining heavily. |
| since | karena / sebab | Since you’re here early, let’s start the meeting now. |
| as | karena / sebab | As I was busy, I couldn’t attend the conference. |
| due to | karena / disebabkan oleh | The game was canceled due to bad weather. |
| owing to | karena / disebabkan oleh | Owing to the traffic, we arrived late. |
Menyatakan akibat
| Kata | Terjemahan | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| so | jadi / maka | It was raining, so I took an umbrella. |
| therefore | oleh karena itu | She didn’t study; therefore, she failed the exam. |
| thus | jadi / maka | He saved money; thus, he could afford a new car. |
| as a result | sebagai hasilnya / akibatnya | Sales increased. As a result, the company hired more staff. |
| consequently | akibatnya / oleh karena itu | The project failed. Consequently, they lost their funding. |
| hence | maka / sehingga | He was the best performer; hence, his rapid promotion. |
Nuansa / Pengecualian
- « So » sangat umum dalam bahasa lisan.
- « Therefore », « thus », « consequently » dan « hence » sering digunakan dalam register lebih formal atau tulisan.
- « Due to » dan « owing to » digunakan sebelum noun atau gerund.
- The cancellation of the event was due to bad weather.
- Owing to arriving late, he missed the beginning of the movie.
3. Kata penghubung untuk menyatakan kondisi
| Kata | Terjemahan | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| if | jika | If it rains, we’ll stay home. |
| unless | kecuali / apabila tidak | I won’t go out unless you come with me. |
| provided (that) | dengan syarat / asalkan | I’ll lend you the book provided (that) you give it back soon. |
| providing (that) | asalkan / dengan syarat | We’ll succeed providing (that) we all work together. |
| as long as | selama / asalkan | You can stay out as long as you call me if you need anything. |
| on condition that | dengan syarat | He will sign the contract on condition that we respect the deadline. |
| in case | kalau-kalau / jika terjadi | Take an umbrella in case it rains. |
Nuansa / Pengecualian
- « Unless » berarti « kecuali », sehingga kalimatnya mengandung penyangkalan implisit.
- « I won't go unless... » = « Saya tidak akan pergi kecuali... »
- « Provided (that) » dan « providing (that) » sering dipertukarkan, tetapi « provided that » lebih umum dalam konteks formal.
4. Kata penghubung untuk menyatakan pertentangan atau konsesi
Menyatakan pertentangan
| Kata | Terjemahan | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| but | tetapi | He is rich, but he is not happy. |
| however | namun / walaupun demikian | I like the city; however, I prefer the countryside. |
| yet | namun / tetapi | It seemed easy at first, yet it turned out complicated. |
| nevertheless | meskipun demikian / walau begitu | They lost the match; nevertheless, they played bravely. |
| nonetheless | walau begitu / meskipun demikian | It’s raining; nonetheless, we decided to go hiking. |
| still | tetap / tapi | She apologized; still, he remained upset. |
| whereas | sedangkan / sementara | She loves jazz, whereas her brother prefers rock music. |
| while | sementara / sedangkan | While I like sweets, I try to eat healthy. |
| on the other hand | di sisi lain | The city is noisy; on the other hand, it’s very vibrant. |
Menyatakan konsesi
| Kata | Terjemahan | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| although | walaupun / meskipun | Although it was late, we kept studying. |
| even though | meskipun / walaupun | She won even though she was injured. |
| though | walaupun / meskipun | Though it was difficult, he managed to finish on time. |
| despite | meskipun / walaupun | Despite the rain, they continued their trip. |
| in spite of | meskipun / walaupun | In spite of her fear, she gave a great speech. |
| even if | bahkan jika / walaupun | We will go out even if it starts raining later. |
Nuansa / Pengecualian
- « But » adalah yang paling sederhana dan paling sering digunakan untuk menyatakan pertentangan langsung.
- « Though » bisa ditempatkan di akhir kalimat dalam register yang lebih informal
- I’m not sure, though.
- « Despite » dan « in spite of » diikuti oleh noun atau gerund.
- Despite the rain, they continued playing.
- In spite of having no experience, he got the job.
5. Kata penghubung untuk menyatakan tujuan
| Kata | Terjemahan | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| to | untuk / agar | He works hard to achieve his dreams. |
| in order to | agar / supaya | She left early in order to catch the first train. |
| so as to | agar / supaya | We must prepare everything so as to avoid any delay. |
| so that | supaya / agar | Turn down the music so that the neighbors won’t complain. |
| in order that | agar / supaya | We set up a meeting in order that everyone can participate. |
Nuansa / Pengecualian
- « To » adalah bentuk paling sederhana untuk menyatakan tujuan, biasanya diikuti oleh verb dalam bentuk infinitif.
- « So that » dan « in order that » sering memperkenalkan klausa yang berisi subjek dan verba.
- I explained it clearly so that everyone could understand.
6. Kata penghubung untuk memberikan contoh atau ilustrasi
| Kata | Terjemahan | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| for example | misalnya / contohnya | Some countries, for example, Italy, are famous for their cuisine. |
| for instance | misalnya / contohnya | There are many social networks; for instance, TikTok and Instagram. |
| such as | seperti / contohnya | He likes outdoor activities such as hiking and kayaking. |
| like | seperti | She enjoys sports like football and basketball. |
| e.g. | (exempli gratia) | You should eat more fruits (e.g., apples, bananas, oranges). |
| specifically | secara khusus | She focuses on sustainable energy, specifically solar power. |
| to illustrate | untuk mengilustrasikan | To illustrate, let’s look at last year’s revenue figures. |
Nuansa / Pengecualian
- « Such as » dan « like » biasanya diikuti oleh contoh nyata.
- « e.g. » adalah singkatan Latin, terutama digunakan dalam konteks formal atau akademik, sering dalam tanda kurung.
- « For example » dan « for instance » digunakan secara bergantian untuk memperkenalkan contoh.
7. Kata penghubung untuk merangkum atau menyimpulkan
| Kata | Terjemahan | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| in conclusion | sebagai kesimpulan | In conclusion, both methods can be effective. |
| to sum up | untuk merangkum | To sum up, we need more resources to complete this project. |
| in summary | secara ringkas / sebagai ringkasan | In summary, we’ve covered all the major points. |
| all in all | secara keseluruhan | All in all, it was a successful event. |
| overall | secara keseluruhan / umumnya | Overall, the feedback has been positive. |
| to conclude | untuk menyimpulkan | To conclude, let’s review the final recommendations. |
| briefly | secara singkat | Briefly, the test results are better than expected. |
| in short | singkatnya / secara singkat | In short, we need a better strategy. |
Nuansa / Pengecualian
- « In conclusion » dan « to conclude » memiliki register yang lebih formal.
- « All in all » dan « in short » sedikit lebih informal dan sering digunakan dalam bahasa lisan.
Kesimpulan
Kata penghubung sangat penting untuk menyusun kalimat dalam bahasa Inggris. Mereka membuat pidato lebih jelas, lebih lancar, dan lebih logis. Dalam TOEIC®, penguasaan yang baik terhadap kata penghubung sangat penting, terutama di bagian Reading, di mana mereka membantu memahami hubungan logis antar ide, serta di bagian Listening, di mana mereka membantu mengikuti alur percakapan atau pidato.
