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Corso sui connettori - Preparazione TOEIC®

Un insegnante di top-students.com che spiega i connettori in inglese su una lavagna con il gesso. Questo corso è specializzato per il TOEIC®, progettato per eccellere nell'esame TOEIC®.

I mots de liaison, anche chiamati « linking words » o « connectors », servono a collegare idee e rendere un testo o un discorso più fluido. In questo corso, rivedremo i principali tipi di connettori, suddivisi per categorie.

1. I connettori per aggiungere o elencare idee

Questi connettori permettono di introdurre una nuova informazione, completare un'idea o strutturare dei punti in un ordine logico (cronologico o di importanza).

MotTraduzioneEsempio
andeI like watching movies and reading books.
alsoancheShe works as a teacher; she also does volunteer work on weekends.
as wellinoltre / ancheHe’s a talented singer as well as a skilled guitarist.
in additioninoltre / in aggiuntaShe speaks Spanish. In addition, she understands French.
moreoverinoltre / per di piùHe was late. Moreover, he didn’t bring his notes.
furthermoreinoltre / per di piùWe have no time. Furthermore, we lack the necessary equipment.
besidesinoltre / peraltroI don’t like horror films. Besides, they scare me.
first / firstlyprima di tutto / innanzituttoFirst, let me introduce the main topic of the meeting.
second / secondlyin secondo luogoSecond, we will examine the results of the survey.
third / thirdlyin terzo luogoThird, we’ll compare these results to last year’s data.
nextsuccessivamente / dopoNext, we need to analyze the data in more detail.
thenpoiThen, we’ll move on to the final discussion.
finallyfinalmenteFinally, we’ll summarize our conclusions.
lastlyinfineLastly, we should thank everyone for their contributions.
last but not leastultimo ma non meno importanteLast but not least, let’s address the financial aspect.

Sfumature / Eccezioni

2. I connettori per esprimere causa e conseguenza

Indicano perché qualcosa avviene (causa) e quale ne è il risultato (conseguenza).

Esprimere la causa

MotTraduzioneEsempio
becauseperchéI stayed home because it was raining heavily.
sincepoiché / dato cheSince you’re here early, let’s start the meeting now.
asvisto che / dato cheAs I was busy, I couldn’t attend the conference.
due toa causa di / dovuto aThe game was canceled due to bad weather.
owing toa causa diOwing to the traffic, we arrived late.

Esprimere la conseguenza

MotTraduzioneEsempio
soquindi / alloraIt was raining, so I took an umbrella.
thereforepertanto / di conseguenzaShe didn’t study; therefore, she failed the exam.
thusdunque / quindiHe saved money; thus, he could afford a new car.
as a resultdi conseguenzaSales increased. As a result, the company hired more staff.
consequentlyconseguentementeThe project failed. Consequently, they lost their funding.
henceda cui / pertantoHe was the best performer; hence, his rapid promotion.

Sfumature / Eccezioni

3. I connettori per esprimere la condizione

MotTraduzioneEsempio
ifseIf it rains, we’ll stay home.
unlessa meno cheI won’t go out unless you come with me.
provided (that)a condizione cheI’ll lend you the book provided (that) you give it back soon.
providing (that)purché / a condizione cheWe’ll succeed providing (that) we all work together.
as long asfinché / purchéYou can stay out as long as you call me if you need anything.
on condition thata condizione cheHe will sign the contract on condition that we respect the deadline.
in casenel caso in cui / se maiTake an umbrella in case it rains.

Sfumature / Eccezioni

4. I connettori per esprimere opposizione o concessione

Esprimere opposizione

MotTraduzioneEsempio
butmaHe is rich, but he is not happy.
howevertuttavia / peròI like the city; however, I prefer the countryside.
yeteppure / tuttaviaIt seemed easy at first, yet it turned out complicated.
neverthelessnondimeno / tuttaviaThey lost the match; nevertheless, they played bravely.
nonethelessnondimeno / comunqueIt’s raining; nonetheless, we decided to go hiking.
stillcomunque / comunqueShe apologized; still, he remained upset.
whereasmentre / inveceShe loves jazz, whereas her brother prefers rock music.
whilementre / mentre cheWhile I like sweets, I try to eat healthy.
on the other handd’altra parte / inveceThe city is noisy; on the other hand, it’s very vibrant.

Esprimere concessione

MotTraduzioneEsempio
althoughsebbeneAlthough it was late, we kept studying.
even thoughanche se / sebbeneShe won even though she was injured.
thoughsebbene / anche seThough it was difficult, he managed to finish on time.
despitenonostanteDespite the rain, they continued their trip.
in spite ofnonostanteIn spite of her fear, she gave a great speech.
even ifanche seWe will go out even if it starts raining later.

Sfumature / Eccezioni

5. I connettori per esprimere lo scopo

MotTraduzioneEsempio
toper / al fine diHe works hard to achieve his dreams.
in order toper / allo scopo diShe left early in order to catch the first train.
so as toper / allo scopo diWe must prepare everything so as to avoid any delay.
so thataffinché / in modo cheTurn down the music so that the neighbors won’t complain.
in order thataffinchéWe set up a meeting in order that everyone can participate.

Sfumature / Eccezioni

6. I connettori per dare esempi o illustrare

MotTraduzioneEsempio
for exampleper esempioSome countries, for example, Italy, are famous for their cuisine.
for instanceper esempioThere are many social networks; for instance, TikTok and Instagram.
such ascome / ad esempioHe likes outdoor activities such as hiking and kayaking.
likecomeShe enjoys sports like football and basketball.
e.g.(exempli gratia)You should eat more fruits (e.g., apples, bananas, oranges).
specificallyspecificamenteShe focuses on sustainable energy, specifically solar power.
to illustrateper illustrareTo illustrate, let’s look at last year’s revenue figures.

Sfumature / Eccezioni

7. I connettori per riassumere o concludere

MotTraduzioneEsempio
in conclusionin conclusioneIn conclusion, both methods can be effective.
to sum upper riassumereTo sum up, we need more resources to complete this project.
in summaryin sintesi / in breveIn summary, we’ve covered all the major points.
all in alltutto sommato / in definitivaAll in all, it was a successful event.
overallglobalmente / complessivamenteOverall, the feedback has been positive.
to concludeper concludereTo conclude, let’s review the final recommendations.
brieflybrevementeBriefly, the test results are better than expected.
in shortin poche paroleIn short, we need a better strategy.

Sfumature / Eccezioni

Conclusione

I connettori sono fondamentali per strutturare le frasi in inglese. Rendono il discorso più chiaro, più fluido e più logico. Nel TOEIC®, una buona padronanza dei connettori è cruciale, specialmente nella sezione Reading, dove aiutano a comprendere i collegamenti logici tra le idee, e nella sezione Listening, dove aiutano a seguire il filo di una conversazione o di un discorso.

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