Kors dwar in-negazzjoni - Preparazzjoni għall-TOEIC®
Bl-Ingliż, in-negazzjoni tmur ferm aktar 'il bogħod mill-kelma sempliċi "not". Il-lingwa toffri diversi modi kif tibni sentenzi negattivi sabiex tesprimi sfumaturi preċiżi jew tenfasizza ċerti aspetti. F'dan il-kors, se neżaminaw diversi avverbi u espressjonijiet negattivi bħal hardly, neither, nowhere, no-one, u oħrajn.
Importanti li wieħed jinnota li, kuntrarju għall-Franċiż fejn id-double negazzjoni xi kultant hija korretta (per eżempju: « Je ne dis rien »), bl-Ingliż hija żball grammatikali. Negazzjoni waħda biss hija biżżejjed biex tesprimi idea negattiva. Għalhekk, "I don't know nothing" hija inkorretta, għax id-double negazzjoni tagħmel is-sentenza inkonsistenti. Il-formulazzjoni korretta tkun jew "I don't know anything" jew "I know nothing".
1. Hardly (kważi xejn, rari)
-
❌ She could hardly not hear the speaker over the noise.
✅ She could hardly hear the speaker over the noise.
(Kienet tista' bilkemm tisma' lill-kelliem minħabba l-istorbju.) -
❌ He has hardly never finished a project on time.
✅ He has hardly ever finished a project on time.
(Kważi qatt ma temm proġett fil-ħin.)
2. Neither (la wieħed u lanqas l-ieħor, ħadd mit-tnejn)
-
❌ Neither candidate isn't prepared for the position.
✅ Neither candidate is prepared for the position.
(Ħadd mill-kandidati m'huwiex ippreparat għall-pożizzjoni.) -
❌ Neither Mark nor Emma didn’t accept the invitation.
✅ Neither Mark nor Emma accepted the invitation.
(La Mark u lanqas Emma ma aċċettaw l-istedina.)
3. Nowhere (imkien)
-
❌ There isn’t nowhere better to relax than the beach.
✅ There is nowhere better to relax than the beach.
(M'hemm imkien aħjar biex tirrilassa milli fuq il-bajja.) -
❌ We didn’t find her nowhere.
✅ We searched everywhere, but we found her nowhere.
(Fittixna kullimkien, imma ma sibtniha imkien.)
4. No-one u Nothing (ħadd, xejn)
-
❌ No-one doesn’t enjoy working under such pressure.
✅ No-one enjoys working under such pressure.
(Ħadd ma jgawdi jaħdem taħt pressjoni bħal din.) -
❌ There isn’t nothing interesting on TV tonight.
✅ There’s nothing interesting on TV tonight.
(M'hemm xejn interessanti fuq it-TV dal-lejl.)
5. Seldom, Barely, u Rarely (rari, bilkemm)
-
❌ They don’t seldom go out during the week.
✅ They seldom go out during the week.
(Huma rari joħorġu matul il-ġimgħa.) -
❌ I didn’t barely catch the last train home.
✅ I barely caught the last train home.
(Bilkemm tlaqt l-aħħar ferrovija biex immur id-dar.) -
❌ She doesn’t rarely forget her appointments.
✅ She rarely forgets her appointments.
(Hi rari tinsa l-appuntamenti tagħha.)
6. Few u Little (ftit ħafna)
-
❌ Not few people came to the event.
✅ Few people came to the event.
(Ftit nies biss ġew għall-avveniment.) -
❌ There isn’t little time left to complete the project.
✅ There is little time left to complete the project.
(Fadal ftit ħafna ħin biex jitlesta l-proġett.)
7. Unless (ħlief jekk)
- ❌ I won’t go to the party unless you don’t come with me
✅ I won’t go to the party unless you come with me.
(Ma mmurx għall-festa ħlief jekk inti tiġi miegħi.)
Konklużjoni
Bl-Ingliż, negazzjoni waħda biss hija biżżejjed biex tesprimi idea negattiva. Id-double negazzjoni hija meqjusa żball grammatikali. Dawn id-distinzjonijiet huma partikolarment importanti, għax jidhru ħafna drabi f'eżerċizzji ta' fehim u grammatika tal-TOEIC®.