Kors fuq is-subjunctive bl-Ingliż - Preparazzjoni TOEIC®
Is-subjunctive jintuża biex jesprimi xewqa, ordni, rakkomandazzjoni, parir, bżonn, jew xi ħaġa irreali (per eżempju meta nitkellmu fuq sitwazzjonijiet ipotetiċi). Bil-Franċiż jintuża wara verbi bħal « vouloir que » (nixtieq li), « souhaiter que » (nixtieq li), eċċ. Hawn xi eżempji ta’ subjunctive bil-Franċiż u bl-Ingliż:
- Jien nissuġġerixxi li hu jistudja aktar : I suggest that he study more.
- Huwa essenzjali li hi tkun fil-ħin : It is essential that she be on time.
Bl-Ingliż, is-subjunctive mhux daqshekk komuni daqs bil-Franċiż. Minkejja dan, hemm żewġ forom ewlenin:
- Is-subjunctive preżenti (xi kultant jissejjaħ "mandative subjunctive")
- Is-subjunctive passat, li ħafna drabi huwa l-forma “were” minflok “was” f’ċerti strutturi.
1. Is-subjunctive preżenti
Is-subjunctive preżenti (magħruf ukoll bħala mandative subjunctive) jintuża ta’ spiss wara verbi jew espressjonijiet li jesprimu:
- Bżonn jew obbligu:
- to insist that... (insisti li...)
- to demand that... (teżiġi li...)
- to require that... (teżiġi li...)
- to order that... (jordna li...)
- Xewqa jew rakkomandazzjoni:
- to recommend that... (jirrakkomanda li...)
- to suggest that... (issuġġerixxi li...)
- to propose that... (jipproponi li...)
- Importanza jew deċiżjoni:
- it is important that... (huwa importanti li...)
- it is essential that... (huwa essenzjali li...)
- it is vital that... (huwa vitali li...)
Kif tifforma s-subjunctive preżenti?
Is-subjunctive preżenti bl-Ingliż jinfirex b’"that" segwita mill-bażi tal-verb (l-infinitiv mingħajr "to") mingħajr "s" fit-tielet persuna singulari.
- ✅ I suggest that he leave now. (Nissuġġerixxi li jitlaq issa.)
❌ I suggest that he leaves now. - ✅ They demand that she be on time. (Jitlobu li tkun fil-ħin.)
❌ They demand that she is on time. - It is important that everyone participate.
(Huwa importanti li kulħadd jipparteċipa.)
Is-subjunctive preżenti b’should
Fil-lingwaġġ modern bl-Ingliż, huwa possibbli wkoll li tuża l-verb awżiljarju "should" biex tifforma s-subjunctive preżenti. Madankollu, il-forma pura tas-subjunctive tibqa’ korretta u meqjusa aktar formali.
| Forma pura | Forma b’should |
|---|---|
| I suggest that he study | I suggest that he should study |
| They insisted that she be present | They insisted that she should be present |
2. Is-subjunctive passat
Bl-Ingliż, is-subjunctive passat jintuża l-aktar biex nitkellmu fuq sitwazzjonijiet immaġinarji jew xewqat. L-aktar forma komuni hija were (minflok "was") mal-verb to be.
Biex tifforma s-subjunctive passat, tuża were minflok was (għall-persuni kollha fis-singular u fil-plural: I, you, he, she, we, they) meta titkellem fuq sitwazzjoni ipotetika jew dispjaċir.
- Biex tesprimi xewqa jew dispjaċir (wara I wish jew If only)
- I wish I were taller.
(Nixtieq li kont itwal.) - If only she were more patient.
(Kieku biss kienet aktar paċenzjuża.)
- I wish I were taller.
- Għal kundizzjonijiet immaġinarji (fit-second conditional):
- If I were rich, I would travel the world.
(Kieku kont sinjur, idur id-dinja.) - If he were here, he would help us.
(Kieku kien hawn, jgħinna.) - If I were in your place, I would study harder.
(Kieku kont f’postek, nistudja aktar bis-serjetà.) - If I were rich, I would travel the world.
(Kieku kont sinjur, idur id-dinja.)
- If I were rich, I would travel the world.
Qed isir dejjem aktar komuni li tisma’ "If I was you" jew "I wish I was taller" f’konversazzjonijiet informali. Madankollu, f’kuntest formali jew f’eżami, "If I were you" tibqa’ l-forma korretta u tradizzjonali.
Konklużjoni
Is-subjunctive bl-Ingliż jista’ jidher inqas "viżibbli" milli fil-Franċiż, iżda għandu rwol essenzjali fl-espressjoni ta’ ipoteżi, xewqa, bżonn jew suġġeriment.
Biex nirrrepetu:
- Subjunctive preżenti: verb fil-bażi verbali, mingħajr "-s" fit-tielet persuna singulari, użat wara verbi jew espressjonijiet li jesprimu bżonn, rakkomandazzjoni jew importanza.
- It is important that he finish the report.
(Huwa importanti li jispiċċa r-rapport.)
- It is important that he finish the report.
- Subjunctive passat: prinċipalment "were" minflok "was" għal frażijiet ipotetiċi jew xewqat.
- If I were you, I'd listen carefully.
(Kieku kont int, nisma’ b’attenzjoni.)
- If I were you, I'd listen carefully.
Għalkemm xi forom aktar "moderni" għandhom it-tendenza li jieħdu post dawn is-subjunctives, huwa importanti tkun tafhom, speċjalment f’kuntest akkademiku jew waqt l-eżami TOEIC®.