Tečaj o negaciji - Priprava na TOEIC®
Written by William D'Andréa
V angleščini negacija ni omejena samo na besedo "not". Jezik ponuja različne načine za tvorjenje negativnih stavkov, s katerimi lahko izrazimo natančne odtenke ali poudarimo določene vidike. V tem tečaju bomo raziskali več prislovov in negativnih izrazov, kot so hardly, neither, nowhere, no-one in mnoge druge.
Pomembno je razumeti, da je v nasprotju s francoščino, kjer je dvojna negacija včasih pravilna (na primer: « Ne rečem nič »), v angleščini to slovnična napaka. Ena negacija zadostuje za izraz negativne ideje. Tako je "I don't know nothing" nepravilno, saj dvojna negacija naredi stavek nelogičen. Pravilna oblika je bodisi "I don't know anything" ali "I know nothing".
1. Hardly (komaj, redko)
-
❌ She could hardly not hear the speaker over the noise.
✅ She could hardly hear the speaker over the noise.
(Komaj je slišala govorca zaradi hrupa.) -
❌ He has hardly never finished a project on time.
✅ He has hardly ever finished a project on time.
(Skoraj nikoli ni dokončal projekta pravočasno.)
2. Neither (niti eden niti drugi, nobeden od obeh)
-
❌ Neither candidate isn't prepared for the position.
✅ Neither candidate is prepared for the position.
(Nobeden od kandidatov ni pripravljen na položaj.) -
❌ Neither Mark nor Emma didn’t accept the invitation.
✅ Neither Mark nor Emma accepted the invitation.
(Niti Mark niti Emma nista sprejela povabila.)
3. Nowhere (nikjer)
-
❌ There isn’t nowhere better to relax than the beach.
✅ There is nowhere better to relax than the beach.
(Ni boljšega kraja za sprostitev kot plaža.) -
❌ We didn’t find her nowhere.
✅ We searched everywhere, but we found her nowhere.
(Iskali smo povsod, pa je nismo našli nikjer.)
4. No-one in Nothing (nihče, nič)
-
❌ No-one doesn’t enjoy working under such pressure.
✅ No-one enjoys working under such pressure.
(Nihče ne uživa v delu pod takim pritiskom.) -
❌ There isn’t nothing interesting on TV tonight.
✅ There’s nothing interesting on TV tonight.
(Nič zanimivega ni na televiziji danes zvečer.)
5. Seldom, Barely in Rarely (redko, komaj)
-
❌ They don’t seldom go out during the week.
✅ They seldom go out during the week.
(Redko hodijo ven med tednom.) -
❌ I didn’t barely catch the last train home.
✅ I barely caught the last train home.
(Komaj sem ujel zadnji vlak domov.) -
❌ She doesn’t rarely forget her appointments.
✅ She rarely forgets her appointments.
(Redko pozabi na svoje sestanke.)
6. Few in Little (zelo malo)
-
❌ Not few people came to the event.
✅ Few people came to the event.
(Zelo malo ljudi je prišlo na dogodek.) -
❌ There isn’t little time left to complete the project.
✅ There is little time left to complete the project.
(Zelo malo časa je ostalo za dokončanje projekta.)
7. Unless (razen če)
- ❌ I won’t go to the party unless you don’t come with me
✅ I won’t go to the party unless you come with me.
(Ne bom šel na zabavo, razen če greš z menoj.)
Zaključek
V angleščini je ena negacija dovolj za izražanje negativne ideje. Dvojna negacija je obravnavana kot slovnična napaka. Te razlike so posebej pomembne, saj se pogosto pojavljajo v nalogah za razumevanje in slovnico na TOEIC®.
