英语最高级课程 - TOEIC®备考

在英语中,最高级用于表示某一成员在**某个群体中"最"或“最不”**的程度。例如,当我们描述一个人是“最高”或“最不高”的时候,就是在一组人中进行比较。
- 优越性示例:
- John is the tallest student in the class.
(John是班里最高的学生。)
- John is the tallest student in the class.
- 劣势性示例:
- This is the least expensive restaurant in town.
(这是镇上最便宜的餐厅。)
- This is the least expensive restaurant in town.
1. 用短Adjektiv构成最高级
短Adjektiv指的是只有一个音节,或两个音节但以“-y”结尾的Adjektiv。构成最高级的方法如下:
- 在Adjektiv后加上**“est”**。
- 在最高级前加上**“the”**。
- 对于以单元音后接一个辅音结尾的Adjektiv,在加“est”之前要把辅音双写。
- 对于以**“y”结尾的Adjektiv,先将“y”改成“i”**,再加“est”。
- tall → the tallest
- Mark is the tallest player on the team.
(Mark是队里最高的球员。)
- Mark is the tallest player on the team.
- big → the biggest(需要将“g”双写)
- This is the biggest house in the neighborhood.
(这是附近最大的房子。)
- This is the biggest house in the neighborhood.
- happy → the happiest(“y”变为“i”)
- She is the happiest person I know.
(她是我认识的最幸福的人。)
- She is the happiest person I know.
2. 用长Adjektiv构成最高级
长Adjektiv是指两个音节(除了以-y结尾的)或更多音节。构成它们的最高级时,只需在Adjektiv前加上**“the most”(表示“最”)或“the least”**(表示“最不”),Adjektiv本身不做改变。
- interesting → the most interesting
- This is the most interesting book I have ever read.
(这是我读过最有趣的一本书。)
- This is the most interesting book I have ever read.
- difficult → the most difficult
- It was the most difficult exam of my life.
(这是我一生中最难的考试。)
- It was the most difficult exam of my life.
- expensive → the least expensive
- That is the least expensive hotel in the city.
(那是城里最便宜的酒店。)
- That is the least expensive hotel in the city.
3. 用不规则Adjektiv和Adverb构成最高级
一些不规则Adjektiv和Adverb在最高级时有各自特殊的规则和形式。
A. 不规则Adjektiv
有些Adjektiv不遵循“-est”或“the most”的规则,而是有完全不同的变形。这些例外在英语中很常见,因此必须熟悉。
Adjektiv | 比较级 | 最高级 |
---|---|---|
good (好) | better | the best |
bad (坏) | worse | the worst |
far (远) | farther / further | the farthest / the furthest |
little (少) | less | the least |
much/many (多) | more | the most |
- This is the best restaurant in town.
(这是镇上最好的餐厅。) - That was the worst decision he ever made.
(那是他做过最糟糕的决定。) - This is the least expensive option.
(这是最不贵的选择。)
farther和further有什么区别?
这两个词都可以用来表示物理距离,但**“further”也常用于抽象(引申)意义**。
- Alaska is the farthest place I have ever visited.
(阿拉斯加是我去过最遥远的地方。) - We need to discuss this matter further.
(我们需要进一步讨论这个问题。)
在单纯空间意义上,通常更倾向于用**“farthest”**,尽管在大多数情况下二者可以互换。
B. Adverb的最高级
Adverb也可以表达最高级。短Adverb遵循短Adjektiv的规则(加“-est”),而长Adverb则用“the most”(或“the least”)。
- fast → the fastest
- Of all the competitors, she swam the fastest and won the gold medal.
(在所有参赛者中,她游得最快,赢得了金牌。)
- Of all the competitors, she swam the fastest and won the gold medal.
- serious → the most seriously
- Among all the students, she studies the most seriously before exams.
(在所有学生中,考试前她学习最认真。)
- Among all the students, she studies the most seriously before exams.
4. 常见细节与用法
A. “One of the + 最高级”
要表示某人或某物是最优秀之一,用**“one of the”**加最高级。
- He is one of the smartest students in the class.
(他是班上最聪明的学生之一。) - This is one of the most beautiful places I have ever seen.
(这是我见过最美的地方之一。)
B. 用“very”加强语气
如果需要强调最高级,可以在**“the”前加上“very”**。
- This is the very best decision we can make.
(这是我们能做出的最好的决定。) - She is at the very top of the mountain.
(她在山顶最高处。)
C. 最高级和“ever”
在描述独特或难忘的经历时,可以在句尾加**“ever”**以加强语气。
- This is the best cake I have ever eaten.
(这是我吃过的最好吃的蛋糕。) - That was the worst movie I have ever seen.
(那是我看过最糟糕的电影。)
D. 不需要用“the”的最高级情况
有几个场合,最高级前可以省略“the”:
-
与物主代词(my, your, his, her, our, their)连用时:
- ❌ This is the my best idea.
✅ This is my best idea.
(这是我最棒的主意。) - She is his closest friend.
(她是他最亲密的朋友。)
- ❌ This is the my best idea.
-
在某些固定表达中:
- ❌ Do the your best!
✅ Do your best!
(尽你所能!) - He came last in the race.
(他在比赛中最后到达。)
- ❌ Do the your best!
-
与所有格 ('s) 连用时:
- ❌ That is the Julia's best painting.
✅ That is Julia’s best painting.
(那是Julia最棒的画作。) - ❌ This is the the company’s biggest project yet.
✅ This is the company’s biggest project yet.
(这是公司迄今为止最大型的项目。)
- ❌ That is the Julia's best painting.
-
当“most”表示“非常”而非“最”时:
- ✅ It was a most exciting experience. (那是一次非常激动人心的经历。)
❌ It was the most exciting experience. (=> 错误,因为在这里“most”表示“非常”,不是“最”。) - ✅ She is a most talented musician. (她是非常有才华的音乐家。)
❌ She is the most talented musician. (=> 在这个语境下是错误的。)
- ✅ It was a most exciting experience. (那是一次非常激动人心的经历。)
在上述情况中,“the”变得不必要,因为其他成分(物主代词、所有格或“most”的特定含义)已经起到限定作用。
结论
最高级是英语中表达某种品质最极端程度的必备语法。规则简单:短Adjektiv加“-est”,长Adjektiv用“the most”或“the least”,还有一些非常重要的不规则形式。需要注意的是,在物主代词(如my best idea)、所有格(如Julia's best work)以及固定表达(如Do your best!)中,都有特殊用法。
在TOEIC®考试中,最高级在语法和阅读理解题里出现频率极高,尤其是在产品、服务或业绩对比相关题目。