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英语介词课程 - TOEIC®备考

top-students.com 的一名教师在黑板上用粉笔讲解英语介词。本课程是专为在TOEIC®考试中取得卓越成绩设计的专业TOEIC®课程。

在英语中,介词是一个(或词组),用于在名词(或代词)和句子的其他部分之间建立关系。它可以表示位置时间方向原因所属关系施事者等。

大多数情况下,介词位于名词代词之前。然而,在现代英语中,在某些日常用语习惯表达中,有时允许以介词结尾的句子

1. 地点介词

地点介词用于表示某人或某物在空间中的位置

介词含义例句
in在内部She is in the room.
on在表面上The book is on the table.
at在精确点We met at the bus stop.
above在上方(无接触)The painting is above the fireplace.
over在上方(有覆盖)She put a blanket over the baby.
below在下方(无接触)The temperature is below zero.
under在下面(可能有接触)The shoes are under the bed.
beneath在下方(文学用法)He hid the letter beneath his pillow.
between在两物之间She sat between her two friends.
among在多物之间He was among the crowd.
amid处于...之中(正式用法)They remained calm amid the chaos.
inside在里面She is inside the house.
outside在外面He waited outside the building.
near靠近The school is near the park.
next to在旁边She sat next to me.
beside在旁边(同义词)He placed his bag beside the chair.
by在旁边The house is by the river.
adjacent to毗邻The café is adjacent to the bookstore.
behind在后面The car is behind the truck.
in front of在前面He stood in front of the mirror.
before在前面(顺序或时间)She arrived before noon.
underneath在下面(比'under'更隐蔽)The keys were underneath the papers.
opposite在对面The restaurant is opposite the cinema.
within在...范围内The package will arrive within two days.
without没有He left without his keys.
against靠在表面上She leaned against the wall.
alongside平行于,沿着The ship sailed alongside the coast.

「in」 - 「on」 - 「at」

「in」、「on」、「at」的细微差别

特殊情况:in the car / on the bus / on the train


「above」 - 「over」

「above」「over」都可以表示"在......之上",但:


「below」 - 「under」 - 「beneath」

「below」「under」「beneath」 都表示**“在......之下”**,但:


「between」 - 「among」 - 「amid」


「across」 - 「through」 - 「along」

2. 时间介词

时间介词表示事件发生的时间、持续周期或频率

介词含义例句
in用于月份、年份、世纪、一天中的某个阶段We met in July.
on用于星期几、具体日期和事件The meeting is on Monday.
at用于具体时间和时刻I will see you at 5 PM.
by截至某一具体时间点(截止时间)Finish the report by Friday.
before在某一时间之前I arrived before noon.
after在某一时间之后Let's meet after lunch.
until直到某一具体时刻She stayed until midnight.
till直到某一时刻(更口语化)I'll wait till you arrive.
since从某一具体时间点开始I have lived here since 2010.
for持续某一时长They traveled for two months.
during在某一特定时期It rained during the night.
within在某个时段之内The package will arrive within 24 hours.
from某一时期的开始We worked from 9 AM to 5 PM.
to某一时期的结束The shop is open from Monday to Friday.
between两个时间点之间The event takes place between 3 PM and 5 PM.
around大约在某一时间He arrived around noon.
about大约在某一时间The class starts about 10 AM.
past在某一具体时间之后It's past midnight.
up to直到某一时间The offer is valid up to the end of the month.
as of从某一时刻开始The policy applies as of next year.
throughout在整个期间The song played throughout the concert.
over在某一期间内He stayed over the weekend.
ahead of在某一时刻之前(更正式)We must plan ahead of the deadline.

「in」 - 「on」 - 「at」

「in」、「on」和「at」的细微差别


「by」 - 「before」 - 「until」 - 「from ... to」


「during」 - 「for」 - 「since」

3. 方向/移动介词

这些介词描述移动的目的地移动的方式

介词含义例句
across从一侧到另一侧He walked across the street.
through穿过封闭空间The train passed through the tunnel.
along沿着We walked along the beach.
onto到达表面He jumped onto the table.
into进入内部空间She went into the room.
out of从...出来He got out of the car.
from起点He came from London.
towards朝向She ran towards the exit.
to目的地We are going to Paris.
off从表面脱离She fell off the chair.
up向上He climbed up the ladder.
down向下She walked down the stairs.
beyond在...之外The town is beyond the hills.
past路过She walked past the bank.
around围绕、环绕They traveled around the world.

「to」 - 「into」 - 「onto」

「in」/「into」与「on」/「onto」的混淆

in / to + country


「around」 - 「about」

4. 其他常用介词及用法

介词含义例句
with表示伴随、工具使用或方式She wrote with a pen. / I went to the party with my friends.
without表示缺少某物He left without his phone.
by表示动作施事者(被动)、交通方式或附近位置The book was written by Shakespeare. / We traveled by car.
about表示话题或大约We talked about the new project. / There were about 50 people in the room.
like表示比较She runs like a cheetah.
as表示身份、角色或比较He works as a teacher. / Do it as I showed you.
except排除某个元素Everyone came except John.
apart from根据语境可表示“除了”或“加上”Apart from English, he speaks Spanish.
instead of表示替代Take tea instead of coffee.
according to表示信息来源According to the news, it's going to rain.
because of表示原因The flight was delayed because of the storm.
due to“because of”的更正式表达The delay was due to technical issues.
owing to同样用来表示原因(更正式)The match was canceled owing to heavy rain.
thanks to表示积极原因We succeeded thanks to your help.
in spite of表示对立He finished the race in spite of his injury.
despite“in spite of”的同义词She won despite the difficulties.
instead表示替代(不带“of”)I didn't take the bus. I walked instead.
unlike表示不同\Unlike his brother, he loves sports.\
contrary to表示与信念或期待相反\Contrary to popular belief, bats are not blind.\
regarding引入话题I have a question regarding your proposal.
concerning“regarding”的同义词He called me concerning the contract.
apart表示分离They live far apart from each other.
toward(s)表示抽象方向或意图His attitude towards work has changed.
beyond表示超出界限(比喻或空间)This problem is beyond my understanding.
against表示反对或身体接触They are against the new policy. / She leaned against the wall.
per表示频率或比例He earns $20 per hour.
via表示中间或途径We traveled to Italy via Paris.
as for引入新的话题\As for the budget, we need to cut costs.\
as well as表示添加She speaks French as well as Spanish.
rather than表示更喜欢I would stay home rather than go out.
except for表示例外The report is complete except for a few details.

「with」 - 「without」


「by」

「by」 根据语境有多种含义


「about」

「about」可表示关于某事大约


「like」 - 「as」

「like」用于比较两物或两种情况

「as」有多个含义,其中一种常见用法是“作为”

「like」 和 「as」 的区别

「like」 和 **「as」**有时可以互换用来比较,但:


「except」 - 「apart from」

**「except」**表示排除某元素。

「apart from」表示“除了/除了之外”,可排除或包含,视语境而定。

5. 特殊情况与陷阱

「at night」 vs. 「in the night」

用**「at night」夜晚(一天中的时间段)**。

用**「in the night」夜间发生的具体事件**。


「different from」 - 「different to」 - 「different than」

「different from」最为常用,被认为是标准表达

「different to」主要用于英式英语

「different than」则更常用于美式英语


「home」通常无需介词

表示回家时,通常说 go home,不用介词。

✅ I’m going home.
❌ I’m going to home.


「ask for something」而非「ask something」

表达请求某物时,介词for是必需的。


「look at」 - 「look for」 - 「look after」 - 「look into」

「look at」表示看某物

「look for」表示寻找某物

「look after」表示照顾、照料

「look into」表示调查、详细研究问题


「listen to」与「hear」

「listen to」等于“用心听”,表示专注于某个声音。

「hear」则是“听到”,指被动地听见,不强调专注。


「wait for」与「wait on」

「wait for someone/something」表示等待某人/某事

「wait on someone」表示为某人服务,多用于餐饮领域,但不常用


「agree with」 - 「agree on」 - 「agree to」

「agree with someone」表示同意某人或观点

「agree on a topic」表示就某事达成一致

「agree to something」表示同意、允许某事


「depend on」 vs. 「depend of」

英语中应说 depend on

✅ It depends on the weather.
❌ It depends of the weather.


「belong to」

表示归属时,用**「belong to」**。


「made of」 - 「made from」 - 「made out of」 - 「made with」 的用法

**「made of」**用于原材料未改变的情况(木头仍是木头)。

**「made from」**用于原材料改变不可识别的情况。

「made out of」强调由某物转变而成

「made with」用于强调主要成分或配料(常用于食品)。


「to」的错误遗漏或添加

某些动词必须搭配介词to

有些动词则不能加to


英式英语与美式英语差异

结论

介词TOEIC®考试中的重点之一。要提升分数,应:

其他课程

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