英语一般现在时课程 - TOEIC®备考

1. 一般现在时的构成
1.1 一般现在时动词的构成
肯定句 | 否定句 | 疑问句 |
---|---|---|
I read | I do not (don't) read | Do I read ? |
You read | You do not (don’t) read | Do you read ? |
He / She / It reads | He / She / It does not (doesn’t) read | Does she read ? |
We read | We do not (don’t) read | Do we read ? |
You read | You do not (don’t) read | Do you read ? |
They read | They do not (don’t) read | Do they read ? |
学生常犯的错误
- 忘记在 he / she / it 的肯定句中加 -s:除了情态动词外,所有动词在第三人称单数时都要加 -s。
She read: She reads
- 在 he / she / it 的疑问句和否定句中错误地给动词加 -s:
Does she reads: Does she read
- 与法语不同,不能在 they 后面加 -s,此规则仅适用于 he / she / it。
They reads: They read
💡 助动词 do / does(注意不要与动词 DO - 做 - 混淆) 属于"虚助动词"(dummy auxiliary)。它只用于句子结构,并没有实际意义。
🚧 例外:助动词 do / does 可用于强调:I do appreciate your help.(我真的很感谢你的帮助。)
1.2 一般现在时中BE与HAVE助动词的构成
1.2.1 BE(be动词)的构成
肯定句 | 否定句 | 疑问句 |
---|---|---|
I am ... | I am not ... | Am I ... ? |
You are ... | You are not ... | Are you ... ? |
He / She / It is ... | He / She / It is not ... | Is he / she / it ... ? |
We are ... | We are not ... | Are we ... ? |
You are ... | You are not ... | Are you ... ? |
They are ... | They are not ... | Are they ... ? |
💡 和 be 动词连用时,不需要助动词 do / does。
🇫🇷 例外:法语中的动词 avoir 有时在英语中需用 be 进行表达:
She has 43 years old :She is 43 years old(她43岁)
- 句首“il y a”(或“vous avez”)在英语中变为“there is / there are”:
- There is a black cat on the sidewalk - 人行道上有一只黑猫
- 法语中的“c'est”或“ce sont”在英语中变为“It is”或“They are”。
- It is on your right - 它在你的右边
1.2.2 HAVE(have动词)的构成
肯定句 | 否定句 | 疑问句 |
---|---|---|
I have ... | I do not (don't) have | Do I have ... ? |
You have ... | You do not (don't) have | Do you have ... ? |
He / She / It has ... | He / She / It does not (doesn't) have | Does he / she / it have ... ? |
We have ... | We do not (don't) have | Do we have ... ? |
You have ... | You do not (don't) have | Do you have ... ? |
They have ... | They do not (don't) have | Do they have ... ? |
💡 与 be 不同,使用 have 时,构成否定句和疑问句必须使用 do。
2. 一般现在时的用法
2.1. 一般和持续的状态
一般现在时可用于表示一般情况和/或持续的动作。简单来说,这意味着动作要么经常发生,要么发生在不确定时间,且该动作没有预定的终止时间。
- The sun rises in the east:持续情况,因为太阳每天都从东边升起。
- I like swimming:持续情况,因为我喜欢游泳,这种喜好短期内不会改变。
2.2. 规律性动作和习惯
一般现在时还可用于表达经常发生的动作或日常习惯。该时态常常与频率副词连用,突出动作的重复性。
表示习惯:
- She wakes up at 6am every day
- They always eat dinner together as a family at 7pm
描述规律性动作:
- The sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day.
频率副词
频率副词几乎总是和一般现在时一起使用。以下为TOEIC®常见频率副词(部分列举):
- always(总是)
- occasionally(偶尔)
- rarely / seldom*(很少)
- usually(通常)
- hardly ever(几乎从不)
- often(经常)
- sometimes(有时)
- never(从不)
💡 频率副词 always 有时可与现在进行时搭配使用(稍后会详细讲解)
频率副词在句中的位置?
- 在主要动词前:She often visits her grandparents.
- 在助动词后:We can usually meet during the afternoon.
2.3. 科学事实和普遍真理
一般现在时也用于陈述科学事实或公认的事实。此用法通常表示普遍且恒久的真理,不随时间改变。
- The Earth revolves around the Sun
- Gravity pulls objects towards the center of the Earth
2.4. 时间表和预定事件
一般现在时还可用于表达时间安排和计划,比如列车时刻表、课程表或典型的一天。也可用来表达将来事件,如计划或预定事项。
- The train leaves at 9 o'clock:表示火车将在(将来)9点发车
- The movie starts at 8pm:表示电影将在20点开始。
一般现在时用于表达固定、定期发生的动作。 例如“The train leaves at 9 o'clock”既可以表示“将来某时火车发车”,也可以表示“火车每天9点发车”。
结论
如果你想进一步了解一般现在时,掌握此时态以顺利通过TOEIC®考试,我们推荐以下文章: