跟随动名词和不定式的动词课程 - TOEIC®备考

在英语中,某些动词后面必须接以"-ing"结尾的动词(即动名词/Gerund),而其他动词则必须接不定式动词。
在本课程中,你将学会掌握英语中的这一细微区别。了解这些列表和细节对于**TOEIC®**考试极其重要,因为你会在考试(尤其是阅读部分)遇到许多相关题目。
1. 动名词(Gerund)
简单来说,动名词就是以“-ing”结尾的动词。它可以作为句子的主语,跟在介词后面,或跟在偏好性动词后面。以下是几种常见情况:
- 情况1 - 动名词作句子主语:
- 「Reading is fun.」- 阅读很有趣。
- 情况2 - 动名词用于介词之后:
- 「She is interested in learning new languages.」- 她对学习新语言很感兴趣。
- 情况3 - 动名词用于偏好性动词之后:
- 「He enjoys playing tennis.」- 他喜欢打网球。
- 情况4 - 有些动词后面始终跟动名词,需要死记硬背......(见下方列表)。
情况2 - 动名词用于介词之后
当介词后面接动词时,这个动词必须是动名词形式。这条容易记住的规则能帮你在TOEIC®考试中轻松得分!
介词后跟动名词的例子
| 介词 | 示例 |
|---|---|
| About | - He is thinking about improving his TOEIC® score. • They talked about practicing listening skills for the TOEIC®. |
| After | • She felt more confident after completing several TOEIC® practice tests. • After studying the TOEIC® vocabulary, he found the test easier. |
| Before | • Before starting the TOEIC® test, make sure to read the instructions carefully. • She always reviews grammar rules before taking a practice exam. |
| By | • You can achieve a higher TOEIC® score by practicing every day. • They improved their reading skills by studying TOEIC® reading passages. |
| In | • He is interested in learning strategies to excel in the TOEIC®. • There is no point in worrying too much before the TOEIC® test. |
| On | • She insists on taking timed practice tests to simulate real exam conditions. • They plan on reviewing their answers after each practice session. |
| Without | • He managed to finish the practice test without making many mistakes. • She completed the listening section without pausing the audio. |
| For | • Thank you for helping me understand the TOEIC® structure. • They are known for providing excellent TOEIC® preparation materials. |
| Of | • He is capable of achieving a high score on the TOEIC®. • She is afraid of failing the TOEIC®, but continues to prepare diligently. |
这是一些常见表达(后面必须跟动名词),你可能会在TOEIC®中遇到:
- look forward to → 期待
- carry on → 继续
- think about → 考虑
- succeed in → 成功
- dream of → 梦想
- apologize for → 为......道歉
情况3 - 动名词用于偏好性动词之后
偏好性动词指的是表达某种喜好、偏爱、观点或愿望的动词。在英语中,这些动词常常用于表达你喜欢什么、不喜欢什么、更喜欢什么或想做什么。
几乎所有偏好性动词后面都要跟动名词。
下表中带有\*号的动词是常见的偏好性动词,当然还有其他一些:
- love → 爱
- hate → 讨厌
- adore → 崇拜、非常喜欢
- prefer → 更喜欢
- fancy → 喜欢
例句:
- 「She fancies playing football.」- 她喜欢踢足球。
- 「He hates waiting.」- 他讨厌等待。
情况4:必须记住的动名词后置动词列表
| 动词 + 动名词 | 中文翻译 |
|---|---|
| avoid | 避免 |
| be worth | 值得 |
| can't face | 无法面对 |
| can’t help | 忍不住 |
| consider | 考虑 |
| delay | 推迟 |
| deny | 否认 |
| dislike | 不喜欢 |
| enjoy | 喜欢、享受 |
| feel like | 想要 |
| finish | 完成 |
| give up | 放弃 |
| imagine | 想象 |
| involve | 包含、涉及 |
| justify | 证明......合理 |
| look forward to | 期待 |
| mind | 介意 |
| miss | 错过、想念 |
| postpone | 推迟 |
| practice | 练习 |
| spend time | 花时间 |
| suggest | 建议 |
| risk | 冒险 |
2. 不定式(Infinitive)
不定式是动词的基本形式,前面加上**“to”。它可以用作主语**、补语,或用于表示目的。
例句:
- 作主语: 「To read is important」- 阅读很重要。
- 作补语: 「I want to read」- 我想读书。
- 表示目的: 「I want to read a book」- 我想读一本书。
有些动词后面必须跟不定式(见下方列表)。
必须记住的不定式后置动词列表
| 动词 + 不定式 | 中文翻译 |
|---|---|
| afford | 负担得起 |
| agree | 同意 |
| arrange | 安排 |
| attempt | 尝试 |
| can’t wait | 等不及 |
| claim | 声称 |
| dare | 敢于 |
| decide | 决定 |
| demand | 要求 |
| deserve | 值得 |
| expect | 期望 |
| fail | 失败 |
| guarantee | 保证 |
| hesitate | 犹豫 |
| hope | 希望 |
| learn | 学习 |
| manage | 设法、成功做到 |
| mean | 打算 |
| neglect | 忽视 |
| offer | 提供、主动提出 |
| plan | 计划 |
| prepare | 准备 |
| pretend | 假装 |
| promise | 承诺 |
| refuse | 拒绝 |
| seem | 似乎 |
| tend | 倾向于 |
| threaten | 威胁 |
| train | 培训、训练 |
| want, would like | 想要、希望 |
| wish | 希望 |
例句:
- 「I am training to run a marathon.」- 我正在训练以参加马拉松比赛。
- 「I am learning to swim with my dad.」- 我正在和爸爸学习游泳。
结论
虽然死记硬背这些列表看起来很难,但它们在TOEIC®考试中用得非常多。如果你掌握了这些,你就能轻松提高TOEIC®分数!
我们知道想要记住这些内容很有挑战性,因此我们正在开发一些游戏来帮助你记忆这些列表。如果你想尝试这些游戏,请点击下方按钮,加入我们的学习平台!
同时,如果你想了解更多关于不定式和动名词的信息,欢迎查看这些其他文章,里面讲解了相关的特殊情况: