英语虚拟语气课程 - TOEIC®备考

虚拟语气用于表达愿望、命令、建议、忠告、必要性或非真实的情况(例如谈论假设性场景)。在法语中,常用在动词如**« vouloir que »(希望......)、« souhaiter que »(期望......)等之后。以下是法语和英语中虚拟语气的一些例句**:
- 我建议他多学习:I suggest that he study more.
- 很重要她要准时:It is essential that she be on time.
在英语里,虚拟语气没有法语中那么常见。 尽管如此,英语中仍有两种主要形式:
- 虚拟语气现在时(有时称为"mandative subjunctive")
- 虚拟语气过去时,通常在某些结构中用“were”代替“was”。
1. 虚拟语气现在时
虚拟语气现在时(也叫mandative subjunctive)常用于以下表示必要性或义务的动词或表达之后:
- 必要或义务:
- to insist that...(坚持......)
- to demand that...(要求......)
- to require that...(要求......)
- to order that...(命令......)
- 愿望或建议:
- to recommend that...(建议......)
- to suggest that...(建议......)
- to propose that...(提议......)
- 重要性或决定:
- it is important that...(很重要......)
- it is essential that...(很重要......)
- it is vital that...(至关重要......)
如何构成虚拟语气现在时?
英语虚拟语气现在时的结构是用**"that"连接,后接动词原形**(不带“to”的不定式),三单不加"s"。
- ✅ I suggest that he leave now. (我建议他现在离开。)
❌ I suggest that he leaves now. - ✅ They demand that she be on time. (他们要求她准时。)
❌ They demand that she is on time. - It is important that everyone participate.
(大家参加很重要。)
用 should 构成虚拟语气现在时
在现代英语中,也可以用助动词**"should"来构成虚拟语气现在时。但纯虚拟语气结构始终正确,并且更正式**。
纯虚拟语气结构 | should结构 |
---|---|
I suggest that he study | I suggest that he should study |
They insisted that she be present | They insisted that she should be present |
2. 虚拟语气过去时
英语虚拟语气过去时主要用于表达虚构情境或愿望。最常见的形式是在动词 to be 的情况下用were(而不是“was”)。
构成虚拟语气过去时时,无论是第一、第二还是第三人称单复数(I, you, he, she, we, they),都用were代替was,通常用于假设或遗憾。
- 表达愿望或遗憾(用于 I wish 或 If only 后)
- I wish I were taller.
(我希望我能更高。) - If only she were more patient.
(要是她更有耐心就好了。)
- I wish I were taller.
- 虚拟条件句(第二条件句)中:
- If I were rich, I would travel the world.
(如果我很富有,我会环游世界。) - If he were here, he would help us.
(如果他在的话,他会帮我们。) - If I were in your place, I would study harder.
(如果我是你,我会更努力学习。) - If I were rich, I would travel the world.
(如果我很富有,我会环游世界。)
- If I were rich, I would travel the world.
在非正式对话中,“If I was you” 或 “I wish I was taller” 越来越常见。但在正式语境或考试中,**“If I were you”**仍然是正确且传统的表达方式。
结论
英语中的虚拟语气虽然不像法语那么“明显”,但在表达假设、愿望、必要性或建议时却非常重要。
总结如下:
- 虚拟语气现在时:用动词原形,三单不加“s”,用于表示必要性、建议或重要性的动词或表达之后。
- It is important that he finish the report.
(很重要他要完成报告。)
- It is important that he finish the report.
- 虚拟语气过去时:在假设句或愿望句中主要用**“were”**代替“was”。
- If I were you, I'd listen carefully.
(如果我是你,我会认真听。)
- If I were you, I'd listen carefully.
即使有些更“现代”的表达方式正在替代这些虚拟语气结构,但在学术环境或TOEIC®考试中,掌握虚拟语气仍然很重要。