Cúrsa ar an past perfect continuous - Ullmhúchán TOEIC®
Is am é an past perfect continuous a léiríonn gníomh a bhí ar siúl roimh phointe cinnte san am atá thart. Mar shampla: Bhí mé ag staidéar ar feadh dhá uair an chloig sula ndeachaigh mé ag ithe dinnéir.
Murab ionann agus an past perfect simple a chuireann béim ar an toradh, cuireann an past perfect continuous béim ar fhad nó ar ré an ghnímh.
Conas an past perfect continuous a fhoirmiú?
Tógtar an past perfect continuous le cúntóir had been agus an briathar sa foirm -ing.
| Ráitis dhearfacha | Ráitis dhiúltacha | Ráitis cheisteacha |
|---|---|---|
| I had been working | I had not (hadn't) been working | Had I been working? |
| You had been working | You had not (hadn't) been working | Had you been working? |
| He / She / It had been working | He / She / It had not (hadn't) been working | Had he/she/it been working? |
| We had been working | We had not (hadn't) been working | Had we been working? |
| You had been working | You had not (hadn't) been working | Had you been working? |
| They had been working | They had not (hadn't) been working | Had they been working? |
- Tá an cúntóir had been gan athrú do gach duine.
- Glacann an príomhbhriathar i gcónaí an foirm -ing, beag beann ar an ábhar.
- Is í an past perfect continuous go simplí an foirm caite den present perfect continuous.
Cathain a úsáidtear an past perfect continuous?
Past perfect continuous chun béim a leagan ar fhad gníomhaíochta roimh phointe sonrach san am atá thart
Cuireann an past perfect continuous béim ar fhad nó leanúnachas gnímh a bhí ar siúl roimh imeacht san am atá thart.
Taispeánann sé go beacht cé chomh fada a mhair an gníomh nuair a tharla an dara imeacht.
- They had been waiting for over an hour before the concert started.
Sa sampla seo, léiríonn "had been waiting for over an hour" go raibh siad ag fanacht ar feadh níos mó ná uair an chloig nuair a thosaigh an ceolchoirm.
Go praiticiúil, úsáidtear marcóirí ama nó pointí tosaigh go minic ar nós for (ar feadh) nó since (ó) chun an tréimhse a shonrú:
- They had been practicing for three days before they gave their first show.
- I had been studying since 5 p.m. before I finally took a break.
Sa chás seo, cuirtear béim ar fhad an ghnímh seachas ar a chríochnú simplí nó ar an imeacht a lean é.
Past perfect continuous chun míniú gur tharla gníomh ar feadh tréimhse shonraithe roimh phointe eile san am atá thart
Ligeann an past perfect continuous duit a chur in iúl go raibh gníomh ar siúl ar feadh tréimhse áirithe roimh dara himeacht a tharla, rud a léiríonn deireadh nó trasdul.
Cuirtear béim ar fhad iomlán an chéad ghnímh, a chríochnaíonn roimh nó ag pointe an dara himeachta san am atá thart.
- I had been living in London for five years before I moved to Manchester.
« had been living in London for five years » leagann sé béim go raibh an duine ag cur fúthu i Londain ar feadh cúig bliana roimh bhogadh go Manchester.
Úsáidtear marcóirí ama ar nós for go minic chun an tréimhse a shonrú:
- He had been working at the company for six months before he decided to quit.
- We had been training for three hours before the coach asked us to stop.
Ligeann na struchtúir seo duit an tréimhse bheacht inar mhair an gníomh a léiriú roimh theacht imeachta nua san am atá thart.
Past perfect continuous chun gníomh a léiriú a bhí ar siúl ag pointe sonrach san am atá thart
Úsáidtear an past perfect continuous chun a léiriú go raibh gníomhaíocht cheana féin ar siúl ag pointe sonrach san am atá thart. Cuireann sé béim ar staid an ghnímh ag an am sin.
- At 7 p.m. yesterday, I had been studying for two hours already.
Sa sampla seo, "had been studying for two hours" léiríonn sé go ag 7 p.m., bhí mé cheana féin ag staidéar ar feadh dhá uair an chloig.
Úsáidtear de ghnáth marcóir ama sonrach (ar nós « at 7 p.m. » nó « at midnight ») chun an pointe ama a léiriú inar bhí an gníomh ar siúl. Leagann an struchtúr seo béim ar dhul chun cinn agus fhad na gníomhaíochta suas go dtí pointe sonrach san am atá thart.
Ní úsáidtear past perfect continuous le briathra statacha (nó briathra staid)
Ní úsáidtear briathra staid - ar a dtugtar briathra statacha freisin - (ar nós know, like, love, believe, srl.) a chuireann staid nó mothúchán in iúl seachas gníomh gníomhach. Dá bhrí sin, ní úsáidtear iad sa past perfect continuous, toisc go léiríonn an am seo dul chun cinn nó fhad gnímh. Ina ionad sin, úsáidtear past perfect simple:
- I had known him for a long time before we became friends.
Taispeánann an sampla seo staid - "connaître quelqu'un" - seachas gníomh ar siúl.
Tá liosta na mbriathra statacha ar fáil anseo:
Conclúid
Úsáidtear an past perfect continuous chun gníomh a chur in iúl a bhí ar siúl roimh phointe sonrach san am atá thart, agus béim ar fhad agus ré an ghnímh. Tógtar é le had been + briathar sa foirm -ing agus úsáidtear go minic for nó since chun an tréimhse a léiriú.
Sa TOEIC®, is féidir leis an am seo teacht suas i ceisteanna gramadaí agus tuiscint léitheoireachta, go háirithe chun fhad gníomhaíochta san am atá thart a léiriú nó chun cronológa na n-imeachtaí a bhunú.
Tá cúrsaí eile scríofa againn ar an perfect, féadfaidh tú iad a fháil anseo:
- 🔗 Cúrsa ar an present perfect simple don TOEIC®
- 🔗 Cúrsa ar an present perfect continuous don TOEIC®
- 🔗 Cúrsa ar an difríocht idir present perfect simple agus present perfect continuous don TOEIC®
- 🔗 Cúrsa ar an past perfect simple don TOEIC®
- 🔗 Cúrsa ar an past perfect continuous don TOEIC®
- 🔗 Cúrsa ar an difríocht idir past perfect agus past simple don TOEIC®
- 🔗 Cúrsa ar an difríocht idir past perfect simple agus past perfect continuous don TOEIC®