英语语法类别课程 - TOEIC®备考

在学习英语时,理解单词在句子中的作用至关重要。这些分类被称为语法类别。这些类别有助于分析句子的结构。
本课程的主要目标是介绍英语的主要语法概念。你将在每一部分找到一个完整课程的链接,帮助你更好地备考TOEIC®。
1. 主要语法类别(Parts of Speech)
英语有8大主要语法类别,此外还有限定词,它们在句子结构中也起着重要作用。下表为总体概览:
类别 | 定义 | 例子 |
---|---|---|
名词 (Nouns) | 指代人、地点、物体或抽象概念。 | cat, London, happiness, book, information |
代词 (Pronouns) | 替代名词以避免重复。 | he, she, it, they, myself, yours, someone |
动词 (Verbs) | 表示动作或状态。 | run, be, seem, write, eat |
形容词 (Adjectives) | 描述名词(如颜色、大小、看法等)。 | beautiful, small, delicious, intelligent |
副词 (Adverbs) | 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。 | quickly, very, often, well, carefully |
介词 (Prepositions) | 表示词语之间的关系(地点、时间、方式等)。 | on, in, at, under, before, after, because of |
连词 (Conjunctions) | 连接单词或从句。 | and, but, or, so, because, although |
感叹词 (Interjections) | 表达突发情感。 | Wow!, Oh!, Oops!, Hey! |
限定词 (Determiners) | 引导名词并指出其具体指代。 | a, an, the, this, those, some, many |
在本课程中,你可以找到与每个类别相关的详细子课程,帮助你备战TOEIC®。
2. 英语常见前缀(Prefixes)
前缀是加在单词开头的词缀,用于改变词义。它们通常用于表示否定、对立或视角的变化。
前缀 | 含义 | 例子 |
---|---|---|
un- | 否定,相反 | happy → unhappy, fair → unfair |
dis- | 反义,否定 | agree → disagree, connect → disconnect |
re- | 重复,重新 | write → rewrite, build → rebuild |
mis- | 错误用法,错误 | understand → misunderstand, spell → misspell |
in-/im-/il-/ir- | 否定(根据后字母变化) | possible → impossible, legal → illegal, regular → irregular |
3. 后缀及其在判断语法类别中的作用
后缀是加在单词末尾的词缀,用于改变词义或转换词性。例如,通过后缀,一个动词可以变成名词或形容词。
后缀 | 表示... | 例子 |
---|---|---|
-tion / -sion / -ation | 名词(动作、状态) | decide → decision, create → creation |
-ment | 名词(结果、状态) | develop → development, agree → agreement |
-ness | 名词(性质、状态) | happy → happiness, dark → darkness |
-ity / -ty | 名词(性质、状态) | active → activity, rare → rarity |
-er / -or | 名词(执行动作的人或物) | teach → teacher, act → actor |
-able / -ible | 形容词(可能性) | rely → reliable, access → accessible |
-ous | 形容词(性质、状态) | danger → dangerous, fame → famous |
-ful | 形容词(充满) | beauty → beautiful, help → helpful |
-less | 形容词(缺乏) | home → homeless, use → useless |
-ive | 形容词(倾向、性质) | act → active, create → creative |
-ly | 副词(方式) | quick → quickly, beautiful → beautifully |
-ize / -ise (UK) | 动词(使...化、使变为) | modern → modernize, real → realize |
-ify | 动词(使变为) | clear → clarify, simple → simplify |
-ate | 动词(动作、过程) | active → activate, illustrate → illustrate |
这些后缀有助于判断一个词在句子中的词性。比如,遇到以 -ly 结尾的单词,很大概率是副词;以 -tion 结尾的,很可能是名词。
4. 常见介词及其用法
介词用于连接句中不同元素,主要表达地点、时间或方式的关系。
类型 | 介词 | 例句 |
---|---|---|
地点介词 | in, on, at, under, between, next to | She is in the house. The book is on the table. |
时间介词 | before, after, during, since, for, at, on, in | I will call you after lunch. He has lived here since 2010. |
方式介词 | by, with, via, through | He traveled by car. I wrote the letter with a pen. |
原因/动机介词 | because of, due to, thanks to | She was late because of the traffic. |
5. 常见连词及其作用
连词在句子中起到连接作用,建立逻辑关系。
类型 | 连词 | 例句 |
---|---|---|
并列连词 | and, but, or, so, yet, nor | I like coffee and tea. He was tired but happy. |
从属连词 | because, although, when, if, since, unless | I stayed home because I was sick. If you study, you will succeed. |
结论
这些表格让你能够清晰快速地了解语法类别,有助于你更好地组织句子并避免错误。欢迎点击每个链接,深入学习更完整的课程。