表达偏好、愿望或遗憾的英语课程 - TOEIC®备考

表达偏好、愿望或遗憾对于通过TOEIC®考试来说至关重要。无论是表达习惯、礼貌请求,还是分享未实现的愿望,在不同语境下都需要使用相应的表达方式。
本课程将详细讲解主要句型,如 prefer、would prefer、would rather、wish 以及 if only,并剖析它们的用法和细微差别。掌握这些表达,你不仅能提升口语和写作能力,也能在日常交流或职场场景中更好地理解对方的意图。
1. 用「Prefer」表达一般或习惯性的偏好
「prefer」用于表达一般性或习惯性偏好,即适用于整体、非特定时间的偏好。主要有两种句型:
- 主语 + prefer + (动词-ing) / to + 动词原形
- I prefer reading books to watching TV.
(我更喜欢读书而不是看电视。) - She prefers to study in the morning.
(她更喜欢早上学习。)
- I prefer reading books to watching TV.
- 主语 + prefer + 名词 + to + 名词
- They prefer coffee to tea.
(他们喜欢咖啡胜过茶。)
- They prefer coffee to tea.
2. 用「Would prefer」表达一次性且礼貌的偏好
「would prefer」用于表达一次性的偏好,比单纯的「prefer」更礼貌、更具体。这种偏好通常针对特定场景或时刻。主要有两种句型:
- 主语 + would prefer + to + 动词原形
- I would prefer to stay home tonight.
(我今晚更愿意待在家里。)
- I would prefer to stay home tonight.
- 主语 + would prefer + 名词 + to + 名词
- He would prefer orange juice to soda right now.
(他现在更想喝橙汁而不是汽水。)
- He would prefer orange juice to soda right now.
- Would you prefer to have dinner now or later?
(你愿意现在吃晚饭还是稍后?)
3. 用「Would like」表达愿望
「would like」用于表达愿望、想要,或在特定时刻礼貌地提出请求。
- I would like to have a word with you.
(我想和你聊一下。) - We would like to leave early tomorrow.
(我们希望明天早点离开。) - He would like more time to finish his work.
(他希望有更多时间完成工作。)
4. 用「Would rather」和「Would sooner」表达强烈偏好
「would rather」和「would sooner」表达直接、强烈或明确的偏好,常用于口语和书面语。
主要有两种句型:
- 主语 + would rather/sooner + 动词原形(动词不加 to)
- I would rather stay home than go out tonight.
(我宁愿今晚待在家里,也不想出去。) - She'd rather not discuss the issue right now.
(她现在不想讨论这个问题。)
- I would rather stay home than go out tonight.
- 主语 + would rather/sooner + 主语 + 过去式(表达希望别人做某事)
- I would rather you stayed at home tonight.
(我希望你今晚待在家里。) - He’d rather she called him tomorrow.
(他希望她明天给他打电话。)
- I would rather you stayed at home tonight.
「Would sooner」的特殊用法
虽然现在不太常见,但**「would sooner」和「would rather」用法一样,表达更强烈或坚决的偏好**。
- I would sooner quit my job than work under him.
(我宁愿辞职也不愿在他手下工作。)
「would rather」和「would sooner」的区别主要在于使用频率和强调程度:
- Would rather 更常用也更中性。
- Would sooner 强调更强烈、坚决,但日常很少使用。
5. 用「Wish」表达愿望或遗憾
动词「wish」既可以表达愿望,也可以表达遗憾。通常用于谈论尚未实现或难以实现的情况。根据所用时态,其含义略有不同,具体如下:
A. 「Wish + Past Simple」表达目前未实现的愿望
通常用结构「主语 + wish + 主语 + Past Simple」表达目前没有实现的愿望。
- I wish I had more free time.
(我希望自己有更多空闲时间 / 我遗憾没有时间。) - She wishes she were taller.
(她希望自己更高。) - They wish they lived in a bigger house.
(他们希望住在更大的房子里。)
注意 常在wish之后用were替代was(如:I wish I were)。
B. 「Wish + Past Perfect」表达对过去的遗憾
结构「主语 + wish + 主语 + Past Perfect」用于表达对过去的遗憾,即后悔过去没有做某事。
- I wish I had studied harder for the test.
(我后悔当时没有认真备考。) - He wishes he had taken the job offer.
(他后悔没有接受那份工作。)
C. 「Wish + Would」表达对未来的愿望
结构「主语 + wish + 主语 + would + 动词原形」用于表达希望某事或某人未来发生变化。
- I wish it would stop raining.
(我希望雨快停。) - They wish you would arrive earlier.
(他们希望你能早点到。) - He wishes people would recycle more.
(他希望大家能够多做回收。)
6. 用「If only」表达更强烈的愿望或遗憾
结构「If only」用法与「wish」类似,但表达更强烈的愿望或遗憾。同样有三种句型:
- If only + Past Simple:表达目前未实现的愿望。
- If only I had more money!
(要是我有更多钱就好了!)
- If only I had more money!
- If only + Past Perfect:表达对过去的强烈遗憾。
- If only I had known it was your birthday!
(要是我早知道今天是你的生日就好了!)
- If only I had known it was your birthday!
- If only + Would:表达希望未来能有变化。
- If only it would snow on Christmas Day!
(要是圣诞节能下雪就好了!)
- If only it would snow on Christmas Day!
此结构非常接近条件句,你可以参考我们的完整课程:条件句。
结论
掌握英语表达偏好与愿望的各种方式非常重要,无论是备考TOEIC®还是在不同职业场景中流利地使用英语。理解这些表达的细微差别(例如一般偏好与一次性偏好、可实现愿望与假设愿望等),可以让你的沟通更高效,也能准确理解他人的意思。
关于表达偏好与愿望的情态动词总结表
表达方式 | 语境 / 含义 | 例句 |
---|---|---|
prefer + 动词-ing / to + 动词原形 | 一般或习惯性偏好 | I prefer reading to watching TV. (我更喜欢读书而不是看电视。) |
prefer + 名词 + to + 名词 | 对两个选择进行比较 | She prefers tea to coffee. (她喜欢茶胜过咖啡。) |
would prefer + to + 动词原形 | 一次性偏好、礼貌请求 | I would prefer to stay at home tonight. (我今晚更愿意待在家里。) |
would rather + 动词原形 | 直接或强烈偏好 | I would rather go for a walk than stay indoors. (我更愿意去散步而不是待在屋里。) |
would sooner + 动词原形 | "would rather"的变体,更强调偏好 | I would sooner leave than work in such conditions. (我宁愿离开也不愿在这种条件下工作。) |
would like + to + 动词原形 | 愿望或礼貌请求,特定时刻 | I would like to order a coffee, please. (我想点一杯咖啡,谢谢。) |
wish + 主语 + 动词(过去式) | 目前未实现的愿望 | I wish I had more time to relax. (我希望有更多时间放松。) |
wish + 主语 + had + 过去分词 | 对过去未实现的事情表示遗憾 | I wish I had studied harder for the exam. (我希望当时能更努力复习考试。) |
wish + 主语 + would + 动词原形 | 希望未来发生变化(行为或情况) | I wish he would listen to me. (我希望他能听我说话。) |
If only + 主语 + 动词(过去式) | 更强烈地表达目前未实现的愿望 | If only I knew how to fix this problem! (要是我知道怎么解决这个问题就好了!) |
If only + 主语 + had + 过去分词 | 更强烈地表达对过去未实现事情的遗憾 | If only I had told the truth. (要是我当时说了实话就好了。) |
If only + 主语 + would + 动词原形 | 更强烈地表达对未来变化的期待 | If only they would arrive on time for once! (要是他们这次能准时到就好了!) |
关于表达偏好与愿望的情态动词要点总结
- 辨别时态表达的细微差别:
- Wish + Past Simple 用于表达当前的愿望或遗憾。
- Wish + Past Perfect 用于表达对过去的遗憾。
- Wish + Would 用于表达对未来变化的期待。
- 区分 “Would rather” 与 “Would sooner”:
- 两者都表示“更喜欢”,但would rather 更常用。
- Would sooner 更强调或更正式。
- 职场环境下要注重礼貌表达:
- Would prefer 和 Would like 常用于邮件、会议等正式场合。
更多关于情态动词的课程
以下是我们为备考TOEIC®准备的其他情态动词相关课程: