TOEIC®备考之不定代词课程
不定代词是一类用于替代或表示人、物或数量，但并不具体说明对象的词。
它们通常表明某个数量或某类人或物品，但没有具体指明是谁或是什么。
例如，在「Someone is at the door」（有人在门口），不定代词 someone 代替了我们不知道身份的人。
- Somebody called me last night, but they didn't leave a message.
(昨晚有人给我打电话，但没有留言。) - Nothing is impossible if you work hard.
(如果你努力工作，没有什么是不可能的。)
1. 不定代词的分类
英文中不定代词有多种类别，主要包括：
- 以 some-, any-, no-, every- 组成的不定代词：
- some- : someone, somebody, something
- any- : anyone, anybody, anything
- no- : no one, nobody, nothing
- every- : everyone, everybody, everything
- 表示数量的不定代词
- some, any, no, none, all, most, many, few, several 等
- 其他相关的不定代词与不定副词
- somewhere, anywhere, nowhere, everywhere（表示不确定地点）
2. 以 some-, any-, no-, every- 组成的不定代词
A. 不定代词 somebody, someone, something
- Somebody 和 someone 可以互换使用，指我们不认识或者不想指明身份的人。
- Somebody is knocking at the door.
(有人在敲门。) - I need someone to help me with this computer problem.
(我需要有人帮我解决这个电脑问题。)
- Somebody is knocking at the door.
- Something 指我们无法或不想具体说出的事物或物品。
- There is something in my eye.
(我的眼睛里有东西。)
- There is something in my eye.
B. 不定代词 Anybody, Anyone, Anything
- Anybody 和 Anyone 也可以互换。通常用于疑问句和否定句，或在肯定句中表达「任何人」。
- Is there anybody who can drive me to the airport?
(有人能开车送我去机场吗？) - I can’t see anyone in the room.
(我在房间里没看到任何人。) - Anybody can learn to cook if they practice.
(只要练习，任何人都能学会做饭。)
- Is there anybody who can drive me to the airport?
- Anything 表示「任何事物」或在疑问句和否定句中指未定义的物品。
- I don’t want anything right now, thank you.
(我现在什么都不想要，谢谢。) - Did you buy anything special at the store?
(你在商店买了什么特别的东西吗？)
- I don’t want anything right now, thank you.
C. 不定代词 Nobody, No one, Nothing
- Nobody 和 No one 都表示「没有人」（注意 no one 总是分开写，不能写作 noone）。
- Nobody knows the answer to this question.
(没人知道这个问题的答案。) - No one called while you were out.
(你不在的时候没人打电话来。)
- Nobody knows the answer to this question.
- Nothing 表示「没有任何事物」。
- There is nothing to do in this town at night.
(这个城市晚上没什么事情可做。) - I have nothing more to say.
(我没有更多要说的。)
- There is nothing to do in this town at night.
D. 不定代词 Everybody, Everyone, Everything
- Everybody 和 Everyone 都表示「所有人」。
- Everybody is happy about the news.
(大家对这个消息都很开心。) - Everyone wants to be successful.
(每个人都想要成功。)
- Everybody is happy about the news.
- Everything 表示「一切」或「所有事物」。
- Everything is ready for the trip.
(出发的一切都准备好了。) - He lost everything in the fire.
(他在火灾中失去了所有东西。)
- Everything is ready for the trip.
E. 这些不定代词的特殊用法
尽管像 everyone、everybody、anybody、nobody 等词语表示一组人（或一组物品、事物等），动词通常用单数形式：
- Everyone is invited to the party.
（不能用 Everyone are） - Everyone is ready.
（不能用 Everyone are ready.） - Nobody knows what happened.
- Somebody has left the door open.
3. 表示数量的不定代词
这些代词用来指代不确定数量或人数、事物。
A. 不定代词 Some, Any, No, None
-
Some 用于肯定句和期望肯定回答的问句。
- I have some ideas to improve the project.
(我有一些想法可以让项目更好。) - Would you like some cake?
(你想吃点蛋糕吗？) （通常预期对方会说"好"）
- I have some ideas to improve the project.
-
Any：用于疑问句和否定句，或在肯定句中表达「任何人/任何事物」。
- Do you have any questions?
(你有什么问题吗？) - I don’t have any money left.
(我已经没有钱了。) - Any student can participate in the contest.
(任何学生都可以参加比赛。)
- Do you have any questions?
-
No：主要用于肯定句，表达否定含义（而不是使用 not any）。
- I have no time to waste.
(我没有时间可以浪费。) - There is no reason to worry.
(没有理由担心。)
- I have no time to waste.
-
None：意思是「没有一个」或「一个都没有」，可以单独使用。
- I asked for more details, but none were provided.
(我要求更多细节，但没有提供任何信息。) - None of the students has finished the test yet.
(学生们都还没有完成测试。)
- I asked for more details, but none were provided.
B. 不定代词 All, Most, Many, Few, Several
- All：表示「全部」，「所有」。
- All of the apples are ripe.
(所有的苹果都熟了。) - All is well that ends well.
(皆大欢喜。)
- All of the apples are ripe.
- Most：意思是「大多数」。
- Most people prefer coffee in the morning.
(大多数人早上喜欢喝咖啡。)
- Most people prefer coffee in the morning.
- Many：指代许多人或许多事物（可数）。
- Many students find English grammar challenging.
(许多学生觉得英语语法很难。)
- Many students find English grammar challenging.
- Few：表示「很少」（可数）。
- Few people attended the lecture.
(很少有人参加讲座。)
- Few people attended the lecture.
- Several：意思是「几个」或「一些」。
- Several friends came to visit me yesterday.
(昨天有几个朋友来拜访我。)
- Several friends came to visit me yesterday.
C. 以 where 结尾的不定副词（不定地点）
虽然通常被归为地点副词，但也可视为不定表达：
- Somewhere：意思是「某处」（肯定或中性）。
- I think I left my keys somewhere in the house.
(我觉得钥匙落在家里的某个地方了。)
- I think I left my keys somewhere in the house.
- Anywhere：意思是「任何地方」（用于疑问或否定句），或表示可能性。
- I can’t find my phone anywhere.
(我哪里都找不到我的手机。) - You can go anywhere you want for the holidays.
(假期你可以去任何你想去的地方。)
- I can’t find my phone anywhere.
- Nowhere：意思是「无处」。
- There is nowhere to park in this area.
(这个区域没有停车的地方。)
- There is nowhere to park in this area.
- Everywhere：意思是「到处」。
- I’ve looked everywhere for my wallet.
(我的钱包我到处都找了。)
- I’ve looked everywhere for my wallet.
4. 用法及一致性规则
- 像 everyone、somebody、nobody 等不定代词都要用单数动词。
- Everyone is ready.（而不是 Everyone are ready.）
- Somebody has left the door open.
- “They” 作中性代词： 当使用 someone、anyone、nobody 等且不想指定性别时，可以用 they / them / their 单数形式代指前面这些代词。
- Someone left their umbrella in my car.
(有人把雨伞落在我车里了。) - If anybody calls, tell them I'll call back.
(如果有人打电话，请告诉他/她我会回电。)
- Someone left their umbrella in my car.
- 注意否定表达： 英语里避免双重否定。不能写 I don’t have nothing，而应该这样：
- I don’t have anything. 或
- I have nothing.
结论
英语中的不定代词非常实用，可以用来表达不具体的人、事物或数量。在泛指或不清楚具体细节时，它们让我们表达更灵活、更自然。合适选用不定代词还能让句子更加明确，避免多余重复。