Kors dwar il-futur perfect continuous - Preparazzjoni TOEIC®
Il-futur perfect continuous bl-Ingliż jintuża biex nitkellmu dwar azzjoni li tkun għaddejja għal ċertu tul ta' żmien u li tkompli sakemm tasal mument speċifiku fil-futur. Dan il-verb jisħaq b’mod partikulari fuq il-kontinwità u t-tul ta’ żmien tal-azzjoni.
Kif tifforma l-futur perfect continuous?
Il-forma bażika tal-future perfect hija: will have been + Verb−ing
Hawn taħt hemm tabella li tiġbor kif tifforma l-futur perfect continuous bl-Ingliż:
| Forma | Struttura | Eżempji |
|---|---|---|
| Affirmative | Suġġett + will have been + V-ing | I will have been working here for ten years by next January. They will have been studying English for three hours by lunchtime. She will have been living in New York for a decade by 2030. |
| Negattiva | Suġġett + will not have been + V-ing (jew contraction: won’t) | I will not have been working here for ten years by 2025. He won’t have been sleeping for very long by the time we arrive. They won’t have been waiting for us because we didn’t tell them we were coming. |
| Interrogattiva | Will + suġġett + have been + V-ing? | Will you have been working here for a year by next month? Will she have been living in Australia for long by the end of the year? Will they have been studying for eight hours straight by this evening? |
| Interrogattiva bil-mistoqsija | Mistoqsija + will + suġġett + have been + V-ing? | How long will you have been waiting by the time we get there? Where will she have been staying during her trip by next summer? |
Il-futur perfect continuous biex nitkellmu dwar azzjonijiet li jibdew qabel mument speċifiku fil-futur u għadhom għaddejjin
Dan l-użu tal-futur perfect continuous huwa probabbilment l-iktar komuni. Bil-futur perfect continuous, nisħqu li l-azzjoni tkun diġà bdiet qabel xi punt fil-futur u tkun għadha għaddejja f’dak il-mument jew sa dak il-mument.
- By the time he retires, he will have been working in the same company for forty years.
(Meta jirtira, ikun ilu jaħdem fl-istess kumpanija għal erbgħin sena.) - By 10 p.m. tomorrow, they will have been driving for twelve hours.
(Sas-10 ta’ filgħaxija għada, ikunu ilhom isuq għal tnax-il siegħa.) - By the end of this year, we will have been working on this project for six months.
(Sa tmiem is-sena, inkunu ilna naħdmu fuq dan il-proġett għal sitt xhur.)
Il-futur perfect continuous biex tisħaq fuq it-tul jew il-progress ta’ azzjoni sa mument partikolari
Il-futur perfect continuous spiss jintuża biex isħaq fuq it-tul totali li matulu azzjoni tkun għaddejja, sa mument fil-futur. Jirrispondi għal mistoqsijiet bħal: « Kemm il-ħin? » jew « Ilu kemm? ».
- In October, I will have been living in this city for five years.
(F’Ottubru, ikun ilu ħames snin li noqgħod f’din il-belt.) - By next summer, we will have been practicing for the marathon for six months.
(Sas-sajf li ġej, inkunu ilna nipprattikaw għall-maraton għal sitt xhur.) - When she arrives, she will have been waiting for her friend for over an hour.
(Meta tasal, tkun ilha tistenna lil sħabha għal aktar minn siegħa.)
Il-futur perfect continuous biex tqabbel bejn żewġ punti ta’ żmien fil-futur
Il-futur perfect continuous jippermetti li tqabbel il-bidu ta’ azzjoni (spiss fil-passat jew fil-preżent) ma’ l-istat fil-futur billi tisħaq fuq it-tul bejn dawn iż-żewġ mumenti.
- By the time you finish your degree, you will have been studying at university for six years.
(Meta tlesti l-grad tiegħek, tkun illek sitt snin tistudja fl-università.) - By 3 p.m. tomorrow, I will have been waiting for your call for an hour.
(Għada fit-3 p.m., ikun ilu siegħa li qed nistenna ċ-ċempli tiegħek.) - By the time we leave for vacation, we will have been working non-stop for two months.
(Meta nitilqu għall-vaganzi, inkunu ilna naħdmu bla waqfien għal xahrejn.)
Markaturi tipici ta’ żmien għall-futur perfect continuous
Hemm espressjonijiet ta’ żmien li ħafna drabi jintużaw mal-Futur Perfect Continuous:
-
By + mument speċifiku : By next year, by 2025, by next week, by the time we arrive, eċċ.
- By next year, I will have been studying English for five years.
(Sas-sena d-dieħla, ikun ilu ħames snin li nistudja l-Ingliż.) - By 2025, she will have been running her business for a decade.
(Sa 2025, ikun ilu għaxar snin li tmexxi n-negozju tagħha.)
- By next year, I will have been studying English for five years.
-
For + tul ta’ żmien : For an hour, for three years, for a long time, eċċ.
- For a long time, they will have been discussing this topic without reaching any conclusion.
(Għal żmien twil, ikunu ilhom jiddiskutu dan is-suġġett mingħajr ma jaslu għal konklużjoni.)
- For a long time, they will have been discussing this topic without reaching any conclusion.
-
By the time + proposizzjoni : By the time she leaves, by the time you finish, eċċ.
- By the time she leaves, we will have been talking for hours.
(Meta titlaq, inkunu ilna nitkellmu għal sigħat.) - By the time the movie starts, we will have been waiting in line for an hour.
(Meta jibda l-film, inkunu ilna nistennew fil-kju għal siegħa.)
- By the time she leaves, we will have been talking for hours.
-
Next, in, before + referenza ta’ żmien (inqas komuni, imma possibbli jekk l-idea ta’ tul ta’ żmien preżenti):
- In six months’ time, I will have been working here for two years.
(Fi żmien sitt xhur, ikun ilu sentejn li naħdem hawn.) - Before he turns 30, he will have been playing the piano for two decades.
(Qabel ma jagħlaq 30, ikun ilu għoxrin sena li jdoqq il-pjanu.) - Next summer, we will have been traveling across Europe for eight weeks.
(Is-sajf li ġej, ikunu ilhom tmien ġimgħat jivvjaġġaw madwar l-Ewropa.)
- In six months’ time, I will have been working here for two years.
Meta m’għandekx tuża l-Futur Perfect Continuous?
Għalkemm il-futur perfect continuous huwa utli biex tesprimi t-tul ta’ azzjoni fil-futur, hemm każijiet fejn ma jistax jintuża:
Mal-verbi statici (jew verbi ta’ stat)
Xi verbi li jiddeskrivu stat, emozzjoni jew perċezzjoni (to know, to believe, to own, eċċ.) ma jistgħux jittieħdu fil-forma continuous. F’dawn il-każijiet, jintuża futur perfect simple minflok.
- By next year, I will have known her for a decade.
(Korrett - "to know" huwa verb ta’ stat.) - By next year, I will have been knowing her for a decade.
(Mhux korretta - "to know" ma jistax jintuża fil-\continuous.)\
Biex titgħallem aktar, tista’ taqra l-kors tagħna dwar il-verbi ta’ stat
Meta l-enfasi tkun fuq il-kisba jew ir-riżultat finali
Jekk trid tisħaq fuq il-fatt li azzjoni tkun lesta, u mhux fuq it-tul ta’ żmien, il-futur perfect simple huwa aktar adattat.
- By 5 p.m., I will have finished writing my report.
(Sas-5 p.m., inkun għamilt ir-rapport tiegħi.) - By 5 p.m., I will have been writing my report for five hours.
(Sas-5 p.m., ikunu ilhom ħames siegħat li qed nikteb ir-rapport tiegħi - l-enfasi fuq it-tul ta’ żmien li nqatta’ nikteb, mhux fuq li jkun lest.)
Futur perfect simple u futur perfect continuous, liema tagħżel?
Il-futur perfect simple jisħaq li l-azzjoni tkun lesta, ksibt, finalizzata.
- By 2025, I will have finished my training.
(Sa 2025, inkun temmejt it-taħriġ tiegħi. - L-enfasi hawn fuq ir-riżultat)
Il-futur perfect continuous jisħaq fuq it-tul ta’ żmien tal-azzjoni jew il-proċess għaddej sa dak il-mument fil-futur.
- By 2025, I will have been training for four years.
(Sa 2025, ikun ilu erba’ snin li qiegħed nitħarreġ.)
Futur continuous u futur perfect continuous, liema tagħżel?
Il-futur continuous normalment ifisser li azzjoni tkun qiegħda ssir f’mument partikolari fil-futur, mingħajr neċessarjament enfasi fuq it-tul totali.
- At 8 p.m. tomorrow, I will be having dinner.
(Għada fis-8 p.m., inkun qiegħed niekol.)
Il-futur perfect continuous ifisser li azzjoni tkun ilhom għaddejja għal xi żmien sa mument partikolari fil-futur.
- By 8 p.m. tomorrow, I will have been having dinner for an hour.
(Għada fis-8 p.m., ikun ilu siegħa li qed niekol.)
Konklużjoni
Il-futur perfect continuous jintuża biex nitkellmu dwar azzjonijiet li ikunu ilhom għaddejjin sa mument partikolari fil-futur. Jisħaq fuq il-kontinwità u t-tul ta’ żmien tal-azzjoni.
Għalkemm mhux tant frekwenti, jibqa’ utli ħafna biex tesprimi ideat ta’ progress jew tul ta’ żmien. Barra minn hekk, huwa pjuttost komuni li ssib mistoqsijiet tal-TOEIC® li jinkludu forma tal-futur perfect continuous.
Hemm forom oħra tal-futur li għandek ukoll tikkontrolla, hawnhekk hemm il-korsijiet dwar forom oħra tal-futur:
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