Tečaj o future perfect continuous - Priprava na TOEIC®
Future perfect continuous v angleščini omogoča govoriti o dejstvu, ki bo trajalo v določenem obdobju in se bo nadaljevalo do določenega trenutka v prihodnosti. Ta čas še posebej poudarja kontinuiteto in trajanje dejanja.
Kako tvoriti future perfect continuous?
Osnovna oblika future perfect continuous je: will have been + glagol−ing
Spodnja tabela povzema kako tvoriti future perfect continuous v angleščini:
| Oblika | Struktura | Primeri |
|---|---|---|
| Trdilna | Oseba + will have been + V-ing | I will have been working here for ten years by next January. They will have been studying English for three hours by lunchtime. She will have been living in New York for a decade by 2030. |
| Nikalna | Oseba + will not have been + V-ing (ali skrajšano: won't) | I will not have been working here for ten years by 2025. He won’t have been sleeping for very long by the time we arrive. They won’t have been waiting for us because we didn’t tell them we were coming. |
| Vprašalna | Will + oseba + have been + V-ing ? | Will you have been working here for a year by next month? Will she have been living in Australia for long by the end of the year? Will they have been studying for eight hours straight by this evening? |
| Vprašalna z vprašalnim zaimkom | Vprašalni zaimek + will + oseba + have been + V-ing ? | How long will you have been waiting by the time we get there? Where will she have been staying during her trip by next summer? |
Future perfect continuous za dejanja, ki so se začela pred določenim trenutkom v prihodnosti in bodo še trajala
Ta uporaba future perfect continuous je verjetno najpogostejša. Z future perfect continuous poudarjamo, da se dejanje začne pred določenim trenutkom v prihodnosti in bo še v teku ob omenjenem času ali do tega trenutka.
- By the time he retires, he will have been working in the same company for forty years.
(Ko se bo upokojil, bo v isti družbi delal štirideset let.) - By 10 p.m. tomorrow, they will have been driving for twelve hours.
(Jutri ob 22. uri bodo vozili že dvanajst ur.) - By the end of this year, we will have been working on this project for six months.
(Do konca leta bomo na tem projektu delali šest mesecev.)
Future perfect continuous za poudarjanje trajanja ali napredka dejanja do določenega trenutka
Future perfect continuous se pogosto uporablja, da poudarimo skupno trajanje dejanja, do določenega trenutka v prihodnosti. Odgovarja na vprašanja kot so: « Koliko časa? » ali « Kako dolgo? ».
- In October, I will have been living in this city for five years.
(Oktobra bo minilo pet let, odkar živim v tem mestu.) - By next summer, we will have been practicing for the marathon for six months.
(Do prihodnjega poletja bomo trenirali za maraton šest mesecev.) - When she arrives, she will have been waiting for her friend for over an hour.
(Ko bo prišla, bo na prijateljico čakala več kot eno uro.)
Future perfect continuous za primerjavo dveh časovnih točk v prihodnosti
Future perfect continuous omogoča primerjati začetek dejanja (pogosto v preteklosti ali sedanjosti) z njegovim stanjem v prihodnosti, pri čemer poudarjamo trajanje med obema trenutkoma.
- By the time you finish your degree, you will have been studying at university for six years.
(Ko boš diplomiral, boš na univerzi študiral šest let.) - By 3 p.m. tomorrow, I will have been waiting for your call for an hour.
(Jutri ob 15. uri bo minila ura, odkar te čakam.) - By the time we leave for vacation, we will have been working non-stop for two months.
(Ko bomo odšli na počitnice, bo minila dva meseca neprekinjenega dela.)
Tipični časovni označevalci future perfect continuous
Nekatere časovne izraze pogosto uporabljamo z Future Perfect Continuous:
-
By + natančen trenutek: By next year, by 2025, by next week, by the time we arrive, itd.
- By next year, I will have been studying English for five years.
(Do prihodnjega leta bo minilo pet let, odkar se učim angleško.) - By 2025, she will have been running her business for a decade.
(Do leta 2025 bo že deset let, odkar vodi podjetje.)
- By next year, I will have been studying English for five years.
-
For + trajanje: For an hour, for three years, for a long time, itd.
- For a long time, they will have been discussing this topic without reaching any conclusion.
(Dolgo časa bodo o tej temi razpravljali, ne da bi prišli do zaključka.)
- For a long time, they will have been discussing this topic without reaching any conclusion.
-
By the time + odvisni stavek: By the time she leaves, by the time you finish, itd.
- By the time she leaves, we will have been talking for hours.
(Ko bo odšla, bomo klepetali več ur.) - By the time the movie starts, we will have been waiting in line for an hour.
(Ko se bo film začel, bomo v vrsti čakali eno uro.)
- By the time she leaves, we will have been talking for hours.
-
Next, in, before + časovni označevalec (manj pogosto, a možno, če je poudarek na trajanju):
- In six months’ time, I will have been working here for two years.
(Čez šest mesecev bom tukaj delal dve leti.) - Before he turns 30, he will have been playing the piano for two decades.
(Preden bo dopolnil 30 let, bo igral klavir že dve desetletji.) - Next summer, we will have been traveling across Europe for eight weeks.
(Naslednje poletje bomo potovali po Evropi osem tednov.)
- In six months’ time, I will have been working here for two years.
Kdaj ne uporabljamo Future Perfect Continuous?
Čeprav je future perfect continuous uporaben za izražanje trajanja prihodnjega dejanja, obstajajo primeri, kjer ga ne smemo uporabiti:
Pri statičnih glagolih (ali glagolih stanja)
Nekateri glagoli, ki opisujejo stanje, čustva ali dojemanje (to know, to believe, to own, itd.), se ne uporabljajo v zvezni obliki. V teh primerih uporabimo future perfect simple.
- By next year, I will have known her for a decade.
(Pravilno - "to know" je glagol stanja.) - By next year, I will have been knowing her for a decade.
(Nepravilno - "to know" ne uporabljamo kot continuous.)
Za več informacij si preberi naš tečaj o statičnih glagolih
Kadar je poudarek na dosežku ali končnem rezultatu
Če želimo poudariti, da bo dejanje dokončano, in ne njeno trajanje, je future perfect simple bolj primeren.
- By 5 p.m., I will have finished writing my report.
(Do 17. ure bom zaključil pisanje poročila.) - By 5 p.m., I will have been writing my report for five hours.
(Do 17. ure bom poročilo pisal pet ur - poudarek je na pretečenem času pisanja, ne na dokončanju.)
Future perfect simple ali future perfect continuous: katero izbrati?
Future perfect simple poudarja, da bo dejanje opravljeno, dokončano, zaključeno.
- By 2025, I will have finished my training.
(Do leta 2025 bom zaključil usposabljanje. - Tukaj je poudarek na rezultatu)
Future perfect continuous poudarja trajanje dejanja ali proces v teku do določenega prihodnjega trenutka.
- By 2025, I will have been training for four years.
(Do leta 2025 bo minilo štiri leta, odkar sem v usposabljanju.)
Future continuous in future perfect continuous: katero izbrati?
Future continuous običajno pomeni, da bo dejanje potekalo ob določenem trenutku v prihodnosti, brez nujnega poudarka na skupnem trajanju.
- At 8 p.m. tomorrow, I will be having dinner.
(Jutri ob 20. uri bom večerjal.)
Future perfect continuous pa pomeni, da bo dejanje trajalo že nekaj časa do določenega trenutka v prihodnosti.
- By 8 p.m. tomorrow, I will have been having dinner for an hour.
(Jutri ob 20. uri bo minila ura, odkar večerjam.)
Zaključek
Future perfect continuous se uporablja za opisovanje dejanj, ki bodo trajala do določenega trenutka v prihodnosti. Poudarja kontinuiteto in trajanje dejanja.
Čeprav je manj pogost, je zelo uporaben za izražanje napredka ali časovnih intervalov. Prav tako se pogosto pojavlja v vprašanjih na TOEIC®, ki vsebujejo obliko future perfect continuous.
Obstajajo tudi druge oblike prihodnjika, ki jih moraš poznati; tukaj so tečaji za ostale oblike prihodnjika:
- 🔗 Pregled prihodnjika v angleščini za TOEIC®
- 🔗 Tečaj o prihodnjiku z « will » za TOEIC®
- 🔗 Tečaj o prihodnjiku z « be going to » za TOEIC®
- 🔗 Tečaj o prihodnjiku s present continuous za TOEIC®
- 🔗 Tečaj o prihodnjiku s present simple za TOEIC®
- 🔗 Tečaj o prihodnjiku z modalnimi glagoli za TOEIC®
- 🔗 Tečaj o future continuous za TOEIC®
- 🔗 Tečaj o future perfect za TOEIC®
- 🔗 Tečaj o future perfect continuous za TOEIC®
- 🔗 Tečaj o prihodnjiku v preteklosti za TOEIC®