TOEIC®考试备考 - Past simple（一般过去时）课程
❓ "prétérit"和“past simple”在英语中表示同一个语法时态。
1. Past simple（一般过去时/preterit）的构成
在英语中，动词分为两类：
- 不规则动词：需要死记硬背的动词列表（约200个）
- 规则动词：其他动词
为什么要区分这两类？因为根据动词是规则还是不规则，动词的变形方式会有所不同......
❓ 不规则动词常让人望而生畏，因为我们被要求机械地去记忆它们。
🎯 但如果用正确的方法（我们的游戏可以帮助你），不规则动词会极大提升你的TOEIC®成绩，因为它们为你打下坚实的词汇基础。
🔗 查阅不规则动词列表，以及我们为你制作的轻松记忆小游戏，请点击：不规则动词
1.1. 规则动词的用法
| 肯定句 | 否定句 | 疑问句 |
|---|---|---|
| I traveled | I did not (didn't) travel | Did I travel ? |
| You traveled | You did not (didn’t) travel | Did you travel ? |
| He / She / It traveled | He / She / It did not (didn’t) travel | Did she travel ? |
| We traveled | We did not (didn’t) travel | Did we travel ? |
| You traveled | You did not (didn’t) travel | Did you travel ? |
| They traveled | They did not (didn’t) travel | Did they travel ? |
- 肯定句：只需在动词后加上**“ed”（或“d”）**。
- 否定句：在主语和动词（不定式）之间加上**“did not”（或“didn’t”）**。
- 疑问句：应采用**“did”+主语+动词（不定式）+?**的形式。
常见错误
-
在否定句或疑问句中，将动词错误地变为过去式：
- 错误：I didn't
traveledto Paris. - 正确：I didn't travel to Paris.
- 错误：I didn't
-
混淆规则动词和不规则动词的变形：（见下节）
- 错误：He
goedto the store. - 正确：He went to the store.
- 错误：He
-
疑问句中遗漏主语与动词的倒装：
- 错误：
You didtravel to Paris? - 正确：**\Did you* travel to Paris?\*
- 错误：
1.2. 不规则动词的用法
1.2.1. 不规则动词的变化
| 肯定句 | 否定句 | 疑问句 |
|---|---|---|
| I wrote | I did not (didn’t) write | Did I write? |
| You wrote | You did not (didn’t) write | Did you write? |
| He / She / It wrote | He / She / It did not (didn’t) write | Did he/she/it write? |
| We wrote | We did not (didn’t) write | Did we write? |
| You wrote | You did not (didn’t) write | Did you write? |
| They wrote | They did not (didn’t) write | Did they write? |
- 肯定句时，使用不规则动词的一般过去式（通常在不规则动词表的第二列）。
- 否定句和疑问句的结构和规则动词完全一致。
1.2.2. “be”动词的特殊用法
| 肯定句 | 否定句 | 疑问句 |
|---|---|---|
| I was | I was not (wasn’t) | Was I? |
| You were | You were not (weren’t) | Were you? |
| He / She / It was | He / She / It was not (wasn’t) | Was he/she/it? |
| We were | We were not (weren’t) | Were we? |
| You were | You were not (weren’t) | Were you? |
| They were | They were not (weren’t) | Were they? |
- 除了第一人称和第三人称单数用was，其余都用were。
- 注意，“be”动词变成一般过去时时不使用助动词did，直接用was和were来表达。
2. Past simple（一般过去时/preterit）使用场景
2.1. 表示已彻底结束的动作
一般过去时用于表达已经彻底结束、与现在无关的过去动作。
- I finished my homework last night.
- They moved to a new house in 2015.
时间标志词
当句中出现以下时间标志词时，动词往往需用一般过去时：
- at
- I finished at 9 o'clock
- I finished at 3.30
- I finished at the end of the day
- I finished at Christmas
- on
- I finished on Monday
- I finished on 23th March
- I finished on the 28st
- I finished on Christmas Day
- in
- I finished in February
- I finished in 1976
- I finished in the 1990s
- I finished in winter / summer ...
- 无介词：
- I finished yesterday
- I finished yesterday afternoon
- I finished last Friday
- I finished a few days ago
- I finished the day before yesterday
- I finished when I was young
- I lived in Paris \*for five years.（五年期间我住在巴黎，现在已经不住了）\*
2.2. 表示过去的重复行为
一般过去时用于描述过去曾经重复发生但现在已不再发生的动作。
- When I was a child, I played outside every day.
- She visited her grandparents every summer.
2.3. 表示过去连续发生的多个动作
一般过去时也用来描述过去接连发生的一系列动作。
- He entered the room, sat down, and started to read.
- She finished her homework, put away her books, and went to bed.
2.4. 表示过去持续一段时间的行为
我们还用一般过去时描述过去持续了一段时间但已经结束的动作。
- I lived in Paris for five years.
- They worked at the company from 2010 to 2015.
2.5. 表示过去某动作中断另一进行中的动作
一般过去时可用于描述某个动作中断了过去正在进行的另一个动作。被中断的动作通常用past continuous表达。
- I was watching TV when the phone rang.
- She was cooking dinner when he arrived.
⚠️ 这是一种条件句结构，相关用法将在后续课程详细讲解
结论
如果你想进一步了解英语的过去时态，帮助你掌握TOEIC®考试所需语法，推荐阅读以下相关文章：