英语中未来完成时课程 - TOEIC®备考

未来完成时(Future Perfect)是英语中用于展望未来,描述某个动作或状态将在未来某一特定时刻已经完成的时态。
要准确表达某个动作将在什么时候结束,掌握这一时态非常重要。本课程将全面讲解未来完成时的构成方式、用法、结构和细微差别。
如何构成英语中的未来完成时?
未来完成时的基本结构是:will have + 过去分词
下面的表格总结了英语未来完成时的构成方法:
形式 | 结构 | 示例 |
---|---|---|
肯定式 | 主语 + will + have + 过去分词 | I will have completed the report by tomorrow. They will have left the country by the end of the year. She will have arrived in London by 8 p.m. |
否定式 | 主语 + will not + have + 过去分词 | I will not have finished the test before 2 p.m. They won't have reached the station by then. He won’t have completed his shift until later tonight. |
疑问式 | Will + 主语 + have + 过去分词? | Will you have left the office by 6 p.m.? Will they have accomplished their goals by the end of the quarter? Will she have finished her homework before dinner? |
用未来完成时描述某个动作将在未来某个特定时刻完成
未来完成时主要用于表达某个动作会在未来某个特定时刻之前完全完成(可以是一个时间、日期或事件)。
一些关键词常与未来完成时搭配使用,如by, by the time, before, in, when, 等。
- By the time you wake up, I will have prepared breakfast.
(等你醒来时,早餐已经准备好了。) - They will have finished building the new bridge by December.
(到十二月之前,他们将已建好新桥。) - We will have visited five countries by the end of our trip.
(到旅程结束时,我们将已参观五个国家。)
这里的意思是,到达那个未来时刻(如十二月、旅程结束等)时,「建造」、「参观」、「准备」这些动作都已经完全完成。
用未来完成时做对未来已完成状态的预测或展望
未来完成时常用于对未来某个已完成结果进行展望或预测,通常带有确定性或逻辑推断。
- By this time next year, the company will have doubled its revenue.
(到明年同一时间,公司将已将营收翻倍。) - After all their efforts, they will have surpassed their competitors.
(经过所有努力,他们将已超越竞争对手。) - In 10 years, most people will have adopted electric cars.
(十年后,大多数人将已采用电动汽车。)
用未来完成时表达一个动作在未来将于另一动作或时刻之前完成
未来完成时还用于表示某事将在未来另一件事开始前完成。通常与by the time(到......的时候)等表达一起比较两个未来时刻。
- By the time I get home, you will have finished cooking.
(等我回到家时,你已经做好饭了。) - They will have completed the training by the time the project starts.
(在项目开始前,他们已经完成培训。) - By the time we arrive at the theater, the show will have started.
(等我们到达剧院时,演出已经开始了。)
用未来完成时表达对目前已发生事件的推测或假设
虽然在TOEIC®里不常见,但有时也会用未来完成时来表达对已经发生事件的推测或假设,即认为某件事很可能已经发生。
- Don’t worry, they will have arrived by now.
(别担心,他们现在很可能已经到了。) - She will have finished the meeting, so you can call her.
(她会议应该已经结束了,你可以打给她。) - They will have sent the email, so check your inbox.
(他们邮件应该已经发了,查查你的收件箱。)
在这种用法中,虽然我们谈论的是(相对于现在)已经完成的动作,但用未来完成时是在表达我们对事件已完成的确定或高度可能性。
未来简单与未来完成时,如何选择?
未来简单(will + 基本动词)用于表示一个未来会发生的动作,不强调该动作会在某个特定时刻已经完成。
- I will finish the report tomorrow.
未来完成时(will have + 过去分词)则突出动作会在某个未来时刻之前完成。
- By tomorrow, I will have finished the report.
未来进行时与未来完成时,如何选择?
未来进行时(will be + V-ing)强调动作在未来某时正在进行或持续。
- This time next week, I will be traveling in Japan.
未来完成时强调动作到那个时刻已经完成。
- By this time next week, I will have traveled to Japan.
现在完成时与未来完成时,如何选择?
现在完成时(have + 过去分词)用于表示在过去已经完成的动作,其影响或结果在现在可见。
- I have finished my homework.
未来完成时(will have + 过去分词)用于表示将来某时已经完成的动作(到那时已经做完了)。
- I will have finished my homework by 8 p.m.
结论
英语中的未来完成时用于表达某个动作将在未来某一时刻之前完成。其结构是will have + 过去分词,常与时间标志词如**「by」或「by the time」一起使用。它特别适合在到达某个未来节点时,动作已不再进行,而是已经完成**。
未来完成时是英语和TOEIC®考试中常见的未来表达方式。不过还有其它未来时态也需掌握,下面是其他相关未来时态课程: