使用「will」表达将来时--TOEIC®备考课程

使用「will」表达将来时是TOEIC®考试中必须掌握的核心语法点之一。这是表达未来行为或事件最直接、简单的方式。虽然英语中还有其他结构(比如「be going to」),但你必须熟练掌握「will」的用法,因为在商务文本、对话、公告或预测中你会非常频繁地遇到它。
1. 如何用「will」构成将来时?
以下表格总结了用**「will」构成肯定句**、否定句和疑问句的方法。
句型 | 结构 | 例句 |
---|---|---|
肯定句 | 主语 + will + 动词(原形) | I will travel to Japan next year. They will attend the meeting tomorrow. She will call you back later. We will finish this project soon. |
否定句 | 主语 + will + not + 动词(原形) (缩写形式:won't) | I will not travel to Japan next year. She won’t call you if she is busy. We won’t finish this project on time. He won’t go to the party tonight. |
疑问句 | Will + 主语 + 动词(原形) ? | Will you travel to Japan next year? Will they attend the meeting tomorrow? Will she call me back later? Will we finish this project soon? |
2. 什么时候使用「will」表达将来时?
一般来说,「will」在多种语境下都可以使用:
A. 用「will」表达预测与推测
「will」用于谈论未来事件,尤其是在表达假设或个人信念时。
- It will rain tomorrow.
(明天会下雨。) - I think he will pass the exam.
(我认为他会通过考试。) - The company will expand its operations next year.
(公司明年将扩展业务。)
B. 用「will」表达即时决定
当做出临时决定,没有事先计划时,使用「will」。
- 情境: 有人敲门。
- I’ll get it!
(我去开门!/ 我来处理!)
- I’ll get it!
- 情境: 你当下决定打车而不是乘公交。
- I’ll take a taxi!
(我打车吧!)
- I’ll take a taxi!
C. 用「will」表达承诺、主动帮助或请求
「will」用于表达承诺、主动帮助或礼貌请求。
- I will help you with your homework.
(我会帮你做作业。) - We will send you the contract tomorrow.
(我们明天会把合同发给您。) - Will you please close the door?
(请你关一下门好吗?)
D. 用「will」表达威胁或警告
「will」用于表达警告或直接威胁。
- If you touch that wire, you will get an electric shock.
(如果你碰那个电线,你会触电。) - He will regret this decision.
(他会后悔这个决定。)
E. 用「won’t」表达不可能或拒绝
「won’t」(即「will not」的缩写)用于表达:
-
未来的不可能(某事不会发生)
-
拒绝或不愿做某事
-
This old car won’t start anymore.
(这辆旧车再也发动不了了。) -
He won’t come to the party tonight.
(他今晚不会来参加聚会。) -
The printer won’t work if it’s out of paper.
(如果打印机没纸了就无法工作。)
通常,不要在某些动词后直接用「won’t」,尤其是表达观点、条件或可能性的动词(think, hope, believe, looks like, imagine, suppose, expect, be sure)。此时应使用现在时或间接否定结构。
- ❌ I think I won’t finish this task today.
✅ I don’t think I’ll finish this task today. (我觉得我今天完不成这个任务。)- ❌ I hope it won’t rain tomorrow.
✅ I hope it doesn’t rain tomorrow.(我希望明天不要下雨。)- ❌ It looks like the project won’t succeed.
✅ It doesn’t look like the project will succeed.(看起来这个项目不会成功。)- ❌ We expect they won’t finish the job by Friday.
✅ We don’t expect them to finish the job by Friday.(我们不指望他们周五前完成工作。)- ❌ I’m sure she won’t call us back.
✅ I’m not sure she will call us back.(我不确定她会回电话。)
F. 「will」与某些动词的搭配用法
「will」这个情态动词常与一些表达观点和判断的动词搭配使用,如think(认为)、expect(期待)、guess(猜测)、wonder(想知道)、doubt(怀疑)、believe(相信)、assume(假定)、be sure(确信)。
- I expect he will finish the project by next week.
(我预期他会在下周前完成这个项目。) - She thinks it will rain tomorrow.
(她认为明天会下雨。) - I wonder if they will accept the proposal.
(我在想他们会不会接受这个提议。)
G. 「will」与概率副词的搭配用法
「will」常与一些概率副词搭配,比如:
- 高度确定:definitely, certainly, surely, undoubtedly
- They will definitely enjoy the new product launch.
(他们一定会喜欢新产品发布会。)
- They will definitely enjoy the new product launch.
- 中等可能性:probably, likely, presumably
- He will probably arrive late because of the traffic.
(他可能因为堵车而迟到。)
- He will probably arrive late because of the traffic.
- 低概率:possibly, maybe, perhaps, unlikely, doubtfully
- Perhaps we will find a better solution tomorrow.
(或许我们明天能找到更好的解决办法。)
- Perhaps we will find a better solution tomorrow.
3. 什么时候不要用「will」?
有些特定场合绝不能用「will」表达未来,即使意思上是未来事件。以下是关键语境,务必了解:
A. 某些连词后(when, if, as soon as, before, until, unless)
在由这些连词引导的从句中,表达未来要用一般现在时(不是「will」)。这是英语语法的基本规则。
- ❌ I’ll call you when I will arrive.
✅ I’ll call you when I arrive. (我到的时候会给你打电话。) - ❌ We won’t leave until he will finish.
✅ We won’t leave until he finishes his work. (他没做完我们不会离开。)
B. 陈述普遍真理或科学定律
对于普遍事实和科学定律,即使与未来有关,通常使用一般现在时。
-
❌ The sun will rise at 6:00 tomorrow.
✅ The sun rises at 6:00 tomorrow. (太阳明天六点升起。) -
❌ Water will boil at 100°C.
✅ Water boils at 100°C. (水在100°C沸腾。)
结论
英语将来时里的「will」非常常用,尤其是在TOEIC®考试中。但英语还有多种将来时结构,你也要掌握,见下方相关课程: